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General
- Yoghurt
or yogurt, less commonly yoghourt or yogourt (see spelling below), is a
dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk.
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Fermentation of the milk sugar (lactose) produces lactic acid, which
acts on milk protein to give yoghurt its texture and its characteristic
tang.
- Soy
yogurt, a dairy yoghurt alternative, is made from soy milk.
Process
- Yoghurt
is made by introducing specific bacteria strains into milk, which is
subsequently fermented under controlled temperatures and environmental
conditions (inside a bioreactor), especially in industrial production.
- The
increased acidity causes milk proteins to tangle into a solid mass
(curd) in a process called denaturation.
- In the
U.S., to be named yogurt (the American English dialect form of yoghurt),
the product must be made with the bacterial species Streptococcus
salivarius subsp,thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.
Market
- The
consumption volume of yoghurt each year in Russia amounts to only 1.5
kilograms per person.
- Yoghurt
is a popular part of the European diet and the annual consumption of
yoghurt in Europe averages at 17 kilograms per person per year.
Application
- Yoghurt
has nutritional benefits beyond those of milk: people who are moderately
lactose-intolerant can enjoy yoghurt without ill effects, because the
lactose in the milk precursor is converted to lactic acid by the
bacterial culture.
- Yoghurt
also has medical uses, in particular for a variety of gastrointestinal
conditions, and in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
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Production, Process, Properties, Technology, Patent, Report,
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