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White Oat
Growth Conditions, Cultivation,
Products and Applications, Market Details,
Technology, Beneficial Effects, Production
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General
- The oat (Avena
sativa) is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is
known by the same name . Oats have the highest oil content of any cereal.
- Oats come in a variety
of kernel colors - white, red, grey, tan, yellow, black. Lighter color
oats are most often used as food oats, darker color oats as feeds.
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Oats are known to be a quality feed
for chickens and turkeys, but have been limited in their use by the
perceived low digestibility and energy values.
Cultivation
- Oats are grown
throughout the temperate zones. They have a lower summer heat requirement
and greater tolerance of rain than other cereals like wheat, rye or
barley, so are particularly important in areas with cool, wet summers such
as Northwest Europe, even being grown successfully in Iceland. Oats are an
annual plant, and can be planted either in autumn or in the spring.
- Oats are an easily
grown crop that succeeds in any moderately fertile soil in full sun. They
prefer a poor dry soil and tolerate cool moist conditions. Plants are
reported to tolerate an annual precipitation of 20 to 180cm, an average
annual temperature range of 5 to 26°C, and a pH of 4.5 to 8.6. They thrive
on a wide range of soils of ample, but not excessive, fertility.
Well-drained neutral soils in regions where annual rainfall is 77cm or
more are best.
Production
-
World production of oats exceeds 43 million metric tons annually. The
largest producer by far is Russia, which grows more than 40% of the
world's total. Other major oat-growing countries include the United
States, producing more than 10% of the total, Canada, Germany, Poland,
Finland, and Australia.
-
Oats
rank around sixth in the world cereal production statistics following
wheat, maize rice, barley and sorghum. Oat grain has always been an
important form of livestock feed. They are a good source of protein,
fiber, and minerals. Oats remain an important grain crop for people in
marginal ecologies throughout the developing world, and in developed
economies for specialist uses. In many parts of the world oats are grown
for use as grain as well as for forage and fodder, straw for bedding, hay,
haylage, silage and chaff.
Application
- Oats have numerous
uses in food; most commonly, they are rolled or crushed into oatmeal, or
ground into fine oat flour.
- Oats are also
commonly used as feed for horses, where it is
dehulled and
rolled.
- Oat extract can also
be used to soothe skin conditions, such as skin lotions.
- Oats are suitable for
human consumption as oatmeal and rolled oats, one of the most common
uses is as livestock feed.
- Oats make up a large
part of the diet of horses and are regularly fed to cattle as well. Oats
are also used in some brands of dog and chicken feed.
Market
Oat
prices have
remained relatively high in spite of a large Canadian crop. The oats
contract which generally reflects the price for No. 2 Heavy oats, is
currently trading at US$1.65/bu (US$120.05/t) and is expected to average
US$105-110/t versus to about US$128/t Increased supplies in Canada,
the strength in the Canadian dollar and weak demand for animal feed have
pressured oat prices from about Canada $194/t to $140/t
Report
Oats are a valuable crop due to
their unique properties. The industry pull for genetic improvement for
diverse industries including feed for poultry, oat milling, breakfast
cereal manufacturing, functional foods and feeding to pigs and ruminants.
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