General
- The tuberose
(Polianthes tuberosa) is a perennial plant of the agave family
Agavaceae, extracts of which are used as a top note in perfumery.
- The common
name derives from the Latin tuberosa, meaning swollen or tuberous in
reference to its root system.
- The tuberose is a
night-blooming plant thought to be native to Mexico along with every
other species of Polianthes.
- The Aztecs
called it Omixochitl [oh me' zu che' tl] or bone flower.
Process
-
Tuberoses are radiantly white blossoms are picked individually by hand
early in the morning, wrapped in moist cloths and then immediately
processed into tuberose absolue through solvent extraction.
-
There are four common methods
for extracting aromatic compounds from plant material.
-
Distillation,
solvent extraction, expression, and enfleurage, All four methods intend
the final product to be used in perfumery or scenting.
-
Extraction methods denature the
aromatic compounds by either exposure to heat, oxygen, or chemical
solvents.
Market
-
It is unfortunately difficult
to determine whether tuberose flowers have been effectively pre-treated
prior to purchase.
-
In India tuberoses is
cultivated for production of flower spikes and loose flowers on a
commercial scale for the domestic market.
For marketing of flower spikes,
the tuberose is harvested by cutting the spikes from the base when 1-2
pairs of flowers open on the spike.
Tuberose planted at a spacing
of 30 x 30cm with a plant population of 1,11,000 plants/ha yield about
90,000 marketable spikes and 1.8 lakhs flowering size bulbs.
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