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General
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Thiourea
is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen, with the
formula CSN2H4 or (NH2)2CS. It is similar to urea, except that the oxygen
atom is replaced by a sulfur atom.
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Thiourea
occurs in the form of white, shiny crystals. It is soluble in ethanol, and
ammonium thiocyanate solution and it is almost insoluble in ether.
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Thiourea
can be prepared from ammonium thiocyanate but more commonly is synthesized
by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with calcium cyanamide in the presence
of carbon dioxide.
Applications
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Thiourea
is used in photo-sensitive papers, in boiler-water treatment, and as a
chemical intermediate. It is also used as a vulcanization accelerator, as a
metal corrosion inhibitor for pickling solutions, in plating baths for
metals, in nylon and textile treatments, and in the production of resins.
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Thiourea
is used directly in ore filtering, metal refinery and cleaning,
isomerization catalyst and as an additive in fertilizers, drilling
auxiliaries, light-sensitive photocopy paper and explosives. It is used as a
fixing agent in photography, as a liquefying agent in animal hide glue, as
an insecticide, as a textile-treating agent, and as an intermediate to
produce other compounds.
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Thiourea
and its derivatives are versatile intermediates for the synthesis of
modified thermosetting resins, thiourea dioxide, dyes, flame retardants,
vulcanization accelerators, plant protection agents, pesticides, amino
resins, peptizing agents, fungicides, hair preparations, dry cleaning
chemicals, corrosion inhibitors and thiazole drugs.
Technology
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The three
crystals of thiourea family shows Zinc Thiourea Chloride (ZTC), Zinc
Thiourea Sulfate (ZTS) and Bisthiourea Cadmium Chloride (BTCC) were grown
from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. It was found that the
BTCC has lowest dielectric constant among three metal complexes of thiourea
crystals (ZTC, ZTS and BTCC), therefore it can be used for high speed
electro-optic modulation.
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Technologies such as heap leaching have established themselves as economical
methods for the recovery of precious metals from low grade mineral deposits.
Amalgamation, cyanidation, and thiourea leaching are some of the
methodologies that are used to separate gold from their ores.
Report
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Commercially available thiourea of chemically pure grade was recrystallized
from alcohol and the recrystallized material was fed or injected. It melted
at 178-179” and contained 41.79 per cent of sulfur and 36.55 per cent of
nitrogen.
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U.S.
exports of thiourea, thiourea dioxide, thiocarbamates, thiurams, and other
related chemicals ranged from approximately 300,000 to 500,000 lb in past
years. Among recently, U.S. exports were approximately 38 million lb.
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The global
annual production of thiourea is around 10,000 tons. About 40% is produced
in Germany, another 40% in China, and 20% in Japan.
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