General
and Process
- Any artificially
produced substance that resembles natural rubber in essential chemical
and physical properties may be called synthetic rubber. Such
substances, also called elastomers, are produced by chemical
reactions, known as condensation or polymerization, of certain
unsaturated hydrocarbons. The basic materials of synthetic rubber are
monomers: compounds of relatively low molecular weight that form the
building units of huge molecules called polymers. After fabrication,
the synthetic rubber is cured by vulcanization
- Synthetic rubber
can be made from the polymerization of a variety of monomers including
isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), 1,3-butadiene, chloroprene
(2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), and isobutylene (methylpropene) with a small
percentage of isoprene for cross-linking. Furthermore, these and other
monomers can be mixed in various desirable proportions to be
copolymerized for a wide range of physical, mechanical, and chemical
properties. The monomers can be produced pure and addition of
impurities or additives can be controlled by design to give optimal
properties. Polymerization of pure monomers can be better controlled
to give a desired proportion of cis and trans double bonds.
Applications
- The use of rubber
is widespread, as the characteristics and properties of elastomers
make them useful in almost all economic sectors: automobiles,
footwear, civil construction, plastics, hospital materials and others
that are of crucial importance in the daily life of society. As they
are most widely used to produce tires, the SBR and BR varieties are
the most widely consumed type of synthetic rubber.
- For the production
of compounds for cables, seals, and other elastic parts, rubber
powders with different particle size distributions are used. The
disc mills, type PKM and the Turbo Mills, type PP meet the
requirements of this application.
Report
- Synthetic
rubber production is a mature industry in the United States that faces
numerous challenges for the future. Because of global overproduction
capacity and a strong U.S. dollar, domestic manufactures must struggle
to compete with cheaper overseas imports. Europe, in particular, leads
the United States in technological advances in synthetic rubber
processing, and Asia has greatly expanded production capabilities in
recent years.
- While Asia
accounted for the majority of rubber producing nations, Japan, North
America, and Europe accounted for more than half of the world's total
consumption of rubber.
- The rubber
industry group forecasts a moderate 1.6% annual growth rate for
synthetic rubber through 2007, with 1.3% growth for SBR, 2.2% for
polybutadiene, and 2.9% for EPDM.
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