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General
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Styrene (vinylbenzene,
styrole) is a colourless, viscous liquid with a pungent odour and tendency
to polymerize. Styrene is slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and
very soluble in benzene and petroleum ether.
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Styrene,
also known as vinyl benzene, is an organic compound with the chemical
formula C6H5CH=CH2. Under normal conditions, this aromatic hydrocarbon is an
oily liquid. It evaporates easily and has a sweet smell, although common
impurities confer a less pleasant odor.
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Styrene is
named after the styrax trees from whose sap (benzoin resin) it can be
extracted. Low levels of styrene occur naturally in plants as well as a
variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, beverages, and meats.
Production
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Styrene is
produced by the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. Ethylbenzene is formed by
reacting ethylene and benzene, and most benzene is made by hydrodealkylation
of toluene, which is obtained as a byproduct of gasoline manufacture. Most
ethylbenzene manufacturers convert it directly into styrene.
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Three
essential steps are associated with the production of styrene from benzene
and ethylene: synthesis of ethylbenzene from benzene and ethylene,
ethylbenzene dehydrogenation, and styrene finishing.
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Styrene is
used in the production of polystyrene plastics, fiberglassreinforced
plastics, synthetic rubber, resins, styrenated polyesters, and protective
coatings.
Application
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Styrene is
one of the most important monomers worldwide, and its polymers and
copolymers are used in an increasingly wide range of applications. The major
uses are in plastics, latex paints and coatings, synthetic rubbers,
polyesters and styrene-alkyd coatings.
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Styrene is
widely used to make plastics and rubber. Products containing styrene include
insulation, fiberglass, plastic pipes, automobile parts, shoes, drinking
cups and other food containers, and carpet backing.
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Styrene is
the monomer used to make polystyrene, which has a multitude of uses, the
most common of which are in packaging and insulated styrofoam beverage cups.
Report
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Styrene
has been manufactured in the United States since 1938, with production
increasing dramatically over the last 30 years. Then U.S. total styrene
production has more than doubled.
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Approximately 700 kilotonnes of styrene are produced annually in Canada, of
which nearly two thirds are exported.
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