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General
- A spice is a
dried seed, fruit, root, bark or vegetative substance used in
nutritionally insignificant quantities as a food additive for the
purpose of flavoring, and sometimes as a preservative by killing or
preventing the growth of harmful bacteria.
- Essential oil
plants and culinary herbs include a broad range of plant species.
- Ginger is one of
the oldest tropical spices.
- Herbal substances
are defined by indicating the herb species.
Process
- Spices, however,
are dried and often ground or grated into a powder.
- Essential oils
can be isolated by several means, including solvent extraction and
pressing.
- The fruits are
opened by hand and the scarlet aril (mace) surrounding the nut is
removed.
- Herbs, such as
basil or oregano, may be used fresh, and are commonly chopped into
smaller pieces.
Technology
& Uses
- Eugenol can be
isolated relatively easily from cloves using the technique of steam
distillation.
- SCFE is a highly
versatile technology with a varied range of applications :
Extraction of Natural Products such as Oil and Oleoresins, Flavours,
Fragrances, Colour, Preservatives, Pesticides and Herbal Medicines,
De-cholesterolisation of Food, De-Caffeination of
Tea/Coffee,De-Nicotisation and Removal of Tar from Tobacco, Cleaning
of Precision and Electronic Equipment, Production of Uniform and
Ultrafine Particles, Chemical Synthesis,Polymer Processing.
- Oleoresins are
the preferred spice extract used for flavouring purposes.
- Many fresh herbs
in the UK are cultivated for industrial uses as ingredients in food
preparations (vinegar, mustards etc.).
-
AJI-NO-MOTO (MSG) may be the most widely used flavor enhancing
ingredient after salt and pepper.
Market
- India produces a
wide range of spices.
- Production in
India is around 3.2 million tonnes of different spices valued at
approximately 4 billion US $,
and holds a prominent position in world spice production.
- Over the last 50
years, the demand for essential oil products from plants has
gradually increased.
- The citrus
industry makes a substantial contribution to the Australian economy.
- The EU is the
second largest world market for spices and herbs.
- The industrial
sector consumed 55 per cent of the total usage of spices and herbs.
- The retail sector
consumed 35 per cent of the total usage of spices and herbs.
- The catering
sector consumed 10 per cent of the total usage of spices and herbs.
- Indonesia is the
single largest supplier of spices to The Netherlands.
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