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Introduction
- Silver
is a chemical element with the symbol "Ag" and atomic
number 47.
- A soft,
white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical
conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity
of any metal.
- Silver is
found in native form, alloyed with gold or combined with sulfur,
arsenic, antimony or chlorine in ores such as argentite (Ag2S),
horn silver (AgCl), and pyrargyrite (Ag3SbS3).
- Silver can
be shaped by hammering, spinning, or drawing - it can be
decorated with etching, chasing, or engraving - sterling silver
is the queen of metals.
Manufacturing Process
-
Sources of silver include; silver mined directly, silver
mined as a by-product of gold, copper, lead and zinc mining,
and silver extracted from recycled materials, primarily used
photographic materials.
- The
metal can also be produced during the electrolytic refining
of copper and by the application of the Parkes process on
lead metal obtained from lead ores that contain small
amounts of silver.
- A
method called the cyanide, or heap leach, process has gained
acceptance within the mining industry because it is a
low-cost way of processing lower-grade silver ores.
- To
extract silver from copper-containing ores, an electrolytic
refining process is used.
Application
-
Silver dissolves in mercury to make amalgams that are
widely used for dental fillings.
-
Silver is also used to make solder and brazing alloys,
electrical contacts, and high-capacity silver-zinc and
silver-cadmium batteries.
-
Silver is widely used in topical gels and impregnated
into bandages because of its wide-spectrum antimicrobial
activity.
- It
is used in the production of adhesives, dinnerware,
mylar recording tape, and many other products.
-
Specialized uses include switch and relay contacts for
automobile controls and accessories, automotive window
heating, and in electrodes for electrocardiograms.
Market
-
The
largest silver producing countries are Mexico, Peru,
the United States, Australia and Chile.
-
In
the future, silver will likely continue to be used
for special industrial applications, as well as for
consumer items, such as jewelry and silverware.
-
Silver’s industrial demand arises from its unique
physical and chemical properties which dictate that
it cannot easily be replaced as an industrial metal.
-
The
use of silver in Photography applications is
projected to remain roughly constant over the next 5
years as the digital camera sales growth rate has
steadied in the West and also as China and emerging
market countries continue strong demand for lower
total-cost conventional film cameras.
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