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General
- Silicon Carbide is
the only chemical compound of carbon and silicon. It was originally
produced by a high temperature electro-chemical reaction of sand and
carbon.
- Silicon carbide is
an excellent abrasive and has been produced and made into grinding
wheels.
- Silicon carbide is
composed of tetrahedra of carbon and silicon atoms with strong bonds in
the crystal lattice. This produces a very hard and strong
material.
- SiC also has a
very low coefficient of thermal expansion and experiences no phase
transitions that would cause discontinuities in thermal
expansion.
Application
- Silicon carbide
dissolved in a basic oxygen furnace used for making steel acts as a fuel
and provides energy which increases the scrap to hot metal
ratio.
- Silicon carbide is
often used as a layer of the TRISO coating for the nuclear fuel elements
of high temperature gas cooled reactors or very high temperature
reactors such as the Pebble Bed Reactor.
- Silicon-infiltrated
carbon-carbon composite is used for high performance brake discs as it
is able to withstand extreme temperatures. These discs are used on some
sports cars, including the Porsche Carrera GT.
- Silicon carbide is
used for blue LEDs, ultrafast, high-voltage Schottky diodes, MOSFETs and
high temperature thyristors for high-power switching.
Process
- Silicon carbide
(SiC) is manufactured in a resistance arc furnace charged with a mixture
of approximately 60 percent silica sand and 40 percent finely ground
petroleum coke.
- A small amount of
sawdust is added to the mix to increase its porosity so that the carbon
monoxide gas formed during the process can escape freely. Common salt is
added to the mix to promote the carbon-silicon reaction and to remove
impurities in the sand and coke.
- During the heating
period, the furnace core reaches approximately 2200°C (4000°F), at which
point a large portion of the load crystallizes.
- At the end of the
run, the furnace contains a core of loosely knit silicon carbide
crystals surrounded by unreacted or partially reacted raw materials. The
silicon carbide crystals are removed to begin processing into abrasive
grains.
Market
- U.S. silicon carbide
production increased about 10% during 2004 to an estimated 35,000 tons,
and the value of production increased about 28% to an estimated $21.5
million.
- The U.S. imported
crude silicon carbide from eight countries and imported ground and
refined silicon carbide from 21 countries.
- Imports of crude
silicon carbide increased by 18% during the year to 163,000 tons valued
at $69.3 million. Imports of silicon carbide in ground or refined form
increased 49% to 45,300 tons valued at $49.9 million.
- China
accounted for 57% of the crude silicon carbide imports and 36% of the
ground and refined silicon carbide.
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