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General
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A
shrimp farm is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine
shrimp or prawnsa for human consumption.
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About
75% of farmed shrimp is produced in Asia, in particular in China and
Thailand. The other 25% is produced mainly in Latin America, where
Brazil is the largest producer. The largest exporting nation is
Thailand.
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Shrimp
have been farmed for centuries in Asia, using traditional low-density
methods.
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Shrimp
farms use a one-phase or two-phase production cycle.
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With
the two-phase cycle, they stock juvenile shrimp from hatcheries in
nursery ponds and then, several weeks later, transfer them to growout
ponds. With the one-phase cycle, the nursery ponds are eliminated, and
the shrimp are stocked directly into growout ponds, after having spent a
short period in acclimation tanks.
Market
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The
technology of Shrimp feed processing is comprised of judicious selection
of feed ingredients, least cost formulation, compounding by both
conventional milling and extrusion cooking, and performance testing of
the feeds.
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Cost
of the feeds processed in the bench scale operation has been estimated
to be within Rs.20 to 25 per kg. based on the cost of raw ingredients.
The cost would come down below Rs.20 per kg. on the basis of the lower
cost of the commercial grade ingredients and lower processing cost under
economic scale of operation.
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In
India, commercial shrimp farming started gaining roots only during the
mid-eighties. It was a relatively late start in India; by this time,
shrimp farming had reached peak in most of the neighboring Asian
countries, especially China and Taiwan.
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The
potential area available in the coastal region of the country for shrimp
farming is estimated between 1.2 million to 1.4 million hectares.
Presently, an area of about 157 000 ha is under farming with an average
production of about 100 000 metric tonnes of shrimp per year
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The
average productivity has been estimated at 660 kg per hectare per year.
Cultured shrimps contribute about 50 per cent of the total shrimp
exports from India.
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