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General
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The sapote
belongs to the family Sapotaceae, the same family as the sapodilla which has
also been called sapote, zapote, or zapote chico to distinguish it from the
larger fruit.
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Sapodilla
(Manilkara zapota) is a long-lived, evergreen tree native to the New World
tropics. Sapodilla was formerly often known by the invalid name Achras
sapota.
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The sapote
occurs naturally at low elevations from southern Mexico to northern
Nicaragua. It is much cultivated and possibly also naturalized up to 2,000
ft (600 m) and occasionally found up to 5,000 ft (1,500 m) throughout
Central America and tropical South America.
Growth & Cultivation
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The sapota can be grown in a variety
of soils but deep alluvium, sandy loam, and well-drained medium black
soils with pH 6.0-8.0 are ideal for its cultivation. However, shallow clay
soils underlaid with hard pan or high calcium contents are unsuitable for
sapota cultivation.
- The fruits are highly perishable and can be
stored under ordinary condition for a period of 7-8 days after harvesting.
At a storage temperature of 200 C, the storage life can be increased for a
period of 21-25 days by removing ethylene and adding 5-10% CO2 to storage
atmosphere.
Uses
- The fruit is a good
source of digestible sugar (15-20%) and an appreciable source of protein,
fat, fibre and minerals (Ca, P and Fe.) Sapota pulp is used for making
sweets and halwas. It is also an ingredient of fruit salads and milk
shakes. The milky latex secreted by unripe sapota fruits , known as
chuckle forms the base for making chicklet and chewing gum.
The mamey sapote fruit can be used as a tasty addition to many
desserts and drinks.
Market
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India is
considered to be the largest producer of sapota in the world. It is mainly
cultivated in the coastal areas of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, west Bengal, Punjab and Haryana.
- India is the second
largest producer of Fruits after China, with a production of 44.04 million
tonnes of fruits from an area of 3.72 million hectares . A large variety
of fruits are grown in India, of which mango, banana, citrus, guava,
grape, pineapple and apple are the major ones.
- The fruit is mostly
consumed indigenously. Export constituted only a very minor fraction of
production, 0.2% in 2001-02. Low volume export of sapota is due to
non-ideal post harvest practices, transport procedures, lack of proper
storage facilities, outdated handling practices.
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