General
- Salicylic acid is the
chemical compound with the formula
C6H4(OH)CO2H, where the OH group is
adjacent to the carboxyl group. This colorless crystalline organic acid
is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone. It
is probably best known as a compound that is chemically similar but not
identical to the active component of aspirin. The name derives from the
Latin word for the willow tree (Salix), from whose bark it can be
obtained.
- Salicylic acid
crystallizes in small colourless needles which melt at 1 55° C.
It is sparingly soluble in cold water, but readily dissolves in hot. It
sublimes, but on rapid heating decomposes into carbon dioxide and
phenol. It is volatile in steam. As an antiseptic salicylic acid is
somewhat less powerful than carbolic acid, but its
insolubility renders it unsuitable for general use. It is much more
powerful than carbolic acid.
Synthesis
- In any synthetic
procedure, a chemist must use a series of techniques like carrying out
the reaction, isolating the product (perhaps using extraction,
crystallization, distillation, etc.), purifying the product (again,
perhaps using crystallization, distillation, chromatography, etc.), and
characterizing the product and estimating its purity. The types of
techniques that are used for each of these steps depend on the energy
requirements
of the reaction and on the physical and chemical
properties of both the starting materials and the products.
- Salicylic acid
induces flowering, inhibits K+ and P+ uptake, and inhibits ethylene
synthesis. It is probably antagonistic to jasmonic acid. SA
triggers the systemic acquired response (SAR) and may move as a
long-distance component of a signal transduction pathway. SA
participates in SAR and in the localized hypersensitive response
(HR). It induces alternative pathway respiration. SA
inhibits ACC synthase, reducing ethylene production, and
aconitase.
Application &
Technology
- Salicylic acid is used
to treat acne, warts, dandruff, psoriasis, and similar conditions.
Salicylic acid reacts with acetic acid to produce acetylsalicylic acid
the active ingredient in aspirin. Salicylic acid is common in
many plants, such as broccoli, peppers, curry, cucumbers, and raisins,
among many others. Salicylic acid reduces inflammation, and can reduce
it in arteries to prevent hardening and narrowing.
- Salicylic acid is used
in medicine largely in combination with the alkaline bases, through its
action on the neutral salts of these substances, because of their
superior solubility. It was advised when the acid first came into
general use to dissolve it, by the addition of the phosphate, acetate,
carbonate, or other salt of sodium. This, of course, resulted in the
formation of the salicylate of sodium with phosphoric, acetic or
carbonic acids as the products. The sodium salt is now more universally
used than any other compound of the acid.
- Spectrophotometric
techniques were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of salicylic acid
quantification. The simplest method for determining total salicylic acid
is the Trinder reaction where the acid is quantified at the visible
region. In this case, the salicylic acid reacts with ferric ions to form
a purple complex in solution read on optical density of 530nm
Market &
Report
- Hydrogen peroxide,
commonly produced during the oxidative burst induced the accumulation of
free benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) in tobacco (Mcdana
tabacwn L. cv Xanthi-nc) leaves.SA is an impottant signaling compound
that activates defense responses in infected plants. Our data indicate
that SA functions as a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals produced during
the hypersensitive response.
- The most commonly used
OTC preparation was salicylic acid the treatments prescribed by a GP,
the most cost-effective treatment was SA, with an incremental
cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 2.20 £/% cured. The ICERs for
cryotherapy varied widely (from 1.95 to 7.06 £/% cured) depending on the
frequency of applications and the mode of delivery. The most
cost-effective mode of delivery was through nurse-led cryotherapy
clinics (ICER = 1.95 £/% cured) and this could be a cost-effective
alternative to GP-prescribed SA.
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