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General
- A refrigerant is a
compound used in a heat cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to
a liquid and back. The two main uses of refrigerants are
refrigerators/freezers and air conditioners.
- A good refrigerant,has
to live up to a few requirements. Obviously, we want something that is
nontoxi and unreactive. The refrigerant has to be stable for the lifetime
of the refrigerator, ozone-safe, having a low boiling point but not too
low, because when a refrigerator is running, the refrigerant is constantly
being boiled from a liquid to a gas, and then being condensed back into a
liquid again. If the boiling point is too low, it will be hard to condense
back into a liquid.
Process
- The absorption cycle
is a process by which refrigeration effect is produced through the use
of two fluids and some quantity of heat input, rather than electrical
input as in the vapor compression cycle.
- In Cascade
Refrigeration System, the refrigerants can be selected to have
reasonable evaporator and condenser pressures in the two or more
temperature ranges.
- In Absorption
Refrigeration System refrigerator the working fluid is pumped as a
liquid the specific volume is less than that of a gas , the work input
is much less, there are considerable savings in power input because a
pump is used instead of a compressor, this is weighed off against the
cost of extra hardware in an absorption system.
Technology
- A “sweep charge”
technique is frequently employed while servicing refrigerators. This
technique flows refrigerant through the system to purge air prior to
charging and hermetically resealing the system. The purge refrigerant
quantity is approximately 1 to 3 times the system charge quantity.
Venting purged refrigerant to the atmosphere must be avoided while using
this technique.
- This can be
effectively captured as part of the procedure or, alternatively, the use
of vacuum pumps to purge the system of air eliminates the need for the
sweep charge technique. Implementation of vacuum evacuation techniques
requires investing in vacuum pumps for the service technicians and
upgrading their training. Improved equipment and skill level will
provide environmental benefit.
Application
-
Refigeration
mixtures are used for space thermal management.
-
Hydrocarbons
are flammable and, if due diligence is not observed, safety could easily
be compromised. Only engineers who are competent to use these gases should
be allowed access to them to ensure that the good name of the
refrigeration and air conditioning industry is maintained.
-
Hydrocarbon
refrigerants possess full chemical compatibility with nearly all
lubricants commonly used within refrigeration systems.
Report
- Absorption and
adsorption cooling systems, which quite often are fuel-fired, are a
practical means of providing both commercial and industrial cooling
without imposing a major drain on a developing electric infrastructure
and therefore a major drain on the limited developmental capital
available to most developing countries.
- Solar refrigeration
is technology that should be given priority when choosing sustainable
development options in developing countries .
- Desiccant technology
includes a broad spectrum of systems providing cooling,
dehumidification, and ventilation in order to control the quality of the
indoor environment in the industrial and commercial sectors.
- Trigeneration has
considerable benefits from an energy standpoint.
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