Poultry vaccines - General, Production, Company Profiles, Production, Technology, Market, Suppliers, Report

General Information

A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to establish immunity to a disease.
Vaccines are based on the concept of variolation.
The process of distributing and administrating vaccines is referred to as vaccination.
Vaccines can be prophylactic or or therapeutic.
Vaccines may be dead or inactivated organisms or purified products derived from them.

Production

Vaccine have traditionally been produced in chicken eggs, a new technology-cell-based vaccine production-could save hundreds of thousands of lives in the event of an outbreak of pandemic influenza, or some other infectious disease.
The new approach would use mammalian cells (kidney cells are often used) to grow the influenza viruses. Cell-based vaccine production could more easily meet "surge capacity needs" because cells could be frozen and stored in advance of an epidemic or developed rapidly in response to an epidemic.
Cell-based vaccine production dramatically reduces the possibility for contamination and promises to be more reliable, flexible, and expandable than egg-based methods.
In place of eggs, cell-based vaccine production utilizes laboratory-grown cell lines that are capable of hosting a growing virus. The virus is injected into the cells where it multiplies. The cells' outer walls are removed, harvested, purified, and inactivated. A vaccine can be produced in a matter of weeks. Polio vaccine is currently produced using the cell-based method.

Applications

Vaccines are used in poultry production to control clinical disease or sub-clinical disease.
In poultry production vaccination is most commonly applied in order to protect the stock on the particular farm being vaccinated.
Vaccines may be directed at diseases caused by viruses, mycoplasma, bacteria or parasites.

Market

Cuba is one of the world's largest producer of a recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B. It is the only producer of a vaccine against the bacterium that causes meningitis-B. They have recently developed a promising recombinant vaccine which protects cattle disease bearing ticks.
Vaccine production costs have a significant fixed cost component, reaching up to 90 percent of total costs.
The target population for vaccination could potentially be the entire global population of over six billion; this would require comprehensive resources to support operational and logistic demands in many countries.

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