General
- Potassium
nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO3. A
naturally occurring mineral source of nitrogen, KNO3 constitutes a
critical oxidizing component of black powder gunpowder. In the past it
was also used for several kinds of burning fuses, including slow
matches. Since potassium nitrate readily precipitates, urine was
a significant source, through various malodorous means, from the Late
Middle Ages and Early Modern era through the 19th century.
- Its common names
include saltpetre (from Medieval Latin sal petrae "stone salt" or
possibly "Salt of Petra"), American English saltpeter, Nitrate of
potash, and nitre. The name Chile saltpeter is also applied to sodium
nitrate, which, though also used in explosives and fertilizers, is a
very different compound. Potassium nitrate is the oxidizing
component of black powder. Before the large-scale industrial fixation
of nitrogen through the Haber process, major sources of potassium
nitrate were the deposits crystallizing from cave walls and the
draining of decomposing organic material.
Process
- Fixed
temperature and pressure. The simulation is performed at a specified
temperature and pressure. The required heat transfer to the unit is
calculated. Fixed temperature and evaporation percentage. The
simulation is performed at a specified temperature, and a specified
percentage of the solvent is evaporated. The required heat
transfer to the unit and the equilibrium vapor pressure of water is
calculated.
- I. The
simulation is performed adiabatically, and specified percentage of the
solvent is evaporated. The working temperature of the unit and the
equilibrium vapor pressure of water are calculated. Evaporative
cooling
II. The simulation is performed adiabatically at a specified working
temperature lower than the feed temperature. The percentage of solvent
to be evaporated, and the equilibrium vapor pressure of water is
calculated.
Technology
- A Space Shuttle
steering rocket uses nitrogen tetroxide as its propellant. When the
toxic oxidizer (nitrogen tetroxide) is transferred from storage tanks
into rockets, or vice versa, the nitrogen dioxide vapor is captured in
a device called a scrubber to prevent it from venting to the air.
- A control
system was developed to convert the hazardous NOx scrubber liquor to a
useful, beneficial and marketable fertilizer. The chemical process
captures nitrogen tetroxide in water, in which hydrogen peroxide
oxidizes the resulting nitrous acid into nitric acid. The nitric acid
is neutralized with potassium hydroxide to form the product potassium
nitrate. No commercial controller exists that can provide hydrogen
peroxide in the concentration range of 0.5 to 5.0 percent.
- ECEC is one of
the earliest engineering companies engaged in potassium fertilizer
technology development and project construction in China.
working on the research and development of potassium fertilizer,
especially in the field of potassium nitrate fertilizer.
Market
- Potassium
sulphate, potassium nitrate and potassium phosphates together meet
some 7-8% of world fertilizer K2O demand. They are considered to be
premium potash fertilizers in relation to the main potash fertilizer
product, potassium chloride, and inevitably have attracted
considerable investment interest. During the past year supply has
exceeded demand, and the prices of all three products have
deteriorated, eroding some but not all of the premiums and squeezing
the less efficient Producers.
- The growth of
demand for specialty fertilizer has not only been stronger than the
growth in the mainstream sector, but it also appears to have avoided
the cycles that are associated with commodity fertilizer. This, too,
makes specialty products a potentially attractive area for
investments, but by definition specialties form part of a
smaller volume business, and its characteristics change as it
becomes bigger.
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