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• The name polyols refers to alcohols containing multiple hydroxyl groups.
• In polymer chemistry, polyols are compounds with multiple hydroxyl functional groups available for organic reactions.
• A sugar alcohol (also known as a polyol, polyhydric alcohol, or polyalcohol) is a hydrogenated form of carbohydrate, whose carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group.
• Polyols are sugar-free sweeteners.
• Since “polyols” is not a consumer friendly term, many nutritionists and health educators refer to polyols as “sugar replacers” when communicating with consumers.

Production

• Polyether polyols are produced by the catalysed addition of epoxides, mainly propylene oxide or ethylene oxide, to an initiator having active hydrogens.
• Natural materials such as sugar, glycerin and sorbitol have been used for many years in the production of polyols.
• New soy-based polyols produced by enzymatic routes and having good reactivity with isocyanate in polyurethane foam production.
• Production of polyols by the yeastlike fungus Moniliella tomentosa could be increased by growing the organism at constant low pH.
• Most polyether polyols production involve the handling of hazardous air pollutants(HAP) in two main areas: the polymerization reaction area and the polyol purification area.

Process

• Polyether polyols based on propylene oxide (PO) are produced by the base-catalyzed reaction of propylene oxide with an initiator compound having active hydrogens .
• Soy epoxy polyols with different OH contents were prepared through a one-step reaction using the method of in situ performic acid generation.
• The composition of polyester polyols can be derived from terephthalic acid (TPA) and diethylene glycol (DEG).
  Cobalt and Co80Ni20 metal particles were prepared by reduction of acetate salts in a liquid polyol.
   

Application

• Soy-based polyol used in polyurethane applications are sustainable and renewable materials.
• Polyols are used to react with isocyanates and form urethane functional groups in polyurethane synthesis.
• Synthesis, characterization and in vitro properties of UV curable polyester polyol acrylates intended for tissue sealant applications.
• It is shown that polyols, such as sorbitol and xylitol, markedly reduce the dehydrochlorination rate and improve Congo Red values.

Report

• The market potential for bio-based polyol in USA is 700–900 million pounds/year, and the global market potential for bio-based polyols is approximately 2.1-2.7 million pounds/year.
• A major producer was seeking an 8 cents/lb ($176/tonne) polyether polyols increase for all customers, to be implemented on all market segments and end-use applications.
• According to BCC more than one million tons of sorbitol liquid and crystalline are sold in the US, Europe and Asia. All other polyols are relatively small in volume, with sales ranging from 20,000 ton 200,000 tons.

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