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General
- Phthalocyanine
(Pc) is a beautifully symmetrical 18 p-electron aromatic macrocycle,
closely related to the naturally occuring porphyrins. Like the
porphyrins, the Pc macrocycle can play host to over seventy
different metal ions in its central cavity.
- Its
fundamental constitution is similar to chlorophyll and hem of
hemoglobin which exist in the natural world, and it consists of very
large conjugated double bond of tetrabenzotetraazaporphine
constitution.
Manufacturing
Process
- The raw
materials required for manufacturing phthalocyanine blue are
phthalimide, urea, cupric chloride, catalyst, alkali and acid. The
above raw materials can be sourced from local chemical
dealers/agents.
- The equipments
required are pulverisers, mixer, reactors, ball mill, mixing
tank with stirrer, rotary press, rotary/tray driers and pumps etc.
Other miscellaneous equipments like electrical & piping
installations are required.
- Copper
Phthalocyanine dyes are produced by introducing solubilizing groups,
such as one or more sulfonic acid functions in CPC structure. These
dyes find extensive use in various areas of textile dyeing (Direct
dyes for cotton), for spin dyeing and in the paper industry
Market
- Phthalocyanine
pigments hold significant position in the pigment trade owing to
their excellent properties such as resistance to alkalies and acids,
non-bleeding in solvents, brilliancy of colour, tinting strength,
covering power and light fastness. They dominated the market within
a short period of their introduction into the market.
- World Market
in 1999 - $7.5billion … Iron Oxide·Phthalocyanine Compete for 1st
Place Color pigments are rising in the pigment market that is led
by Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). Production of white·black·color
pigments in 1999 was 5.7million m.t., while TiO2 held 68%, followed
by Iron Oxide with 16%, pigment grade carbon black with 8%, and
other pigments with 8%.
Application
- A major
application of phthalocyanine pigments is in the production of cyan
printing inks used for printing paper and packaging materials.
Nowadays, both metal-containing pigments and metal-free
phthalocyanine pigments are commercially available and compete with
one another
- Copper
phthalocyanine dyes are produced by introducing solubilizing groups,
such as one or more sulfonic acid functions in
CPC structure. These dyes find
extensive use in various areas of textile dyeing (Direct dyes for
cotton), for spin dyeing and in the paper industry. Direct blue 86
is the sodium salt of CPC-sulfonic acid whereas direct blue 199 is
the ammonium salt of the CPC-sulfonic acid.
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