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General
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Phthalic
anhydride is the organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO)2O. This
anhydride of phthalic acid, a colourless solid, is an important industrial
chemical, especially for the large-scale production of plasticizers.
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Phthalic
anhydride is a white (lustrous needles) solid that is slightly soluble in
water.
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Phthalic
anhydride, the anhydride form of phthalic acid , is produced by the
oxidation of orthoxylene and naphthalene.
Process
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Phthalic
anhydride was first produced by the oxidation of naphthalene in concentrated
sulphuric acid in the presence of mercury sulphate. This way was later
replaced by the catalytic vapour phase oxidation of naphthalene in air in
the presence of a vanadium oxide catalyst.
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Phthalic
anhydride is manufactured from either o-xylene or naphtalene. Using o-xylene
as feed two processes are used: they are fixed bed vapor-phase oxidation and
liquid-phase oxidation. Using naphtalene as feed also two processes are
used: Fixed bed vapor-phase oxidation and Fluidized bed vapor-phase
oxidation.
Application
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Phthalic
anhydride is used in the manufacture of alkyd resins for paints and
varnishes and also in unsaturated polyester resins.
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Phthalic
anhydride finds applications as Dye intermediate and also in the manufacture
of pigments.
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Phthalic
anhydride is used in the manufacture of Tetrachloro Phthalic Anhydride which
finds applications in reactive fire retardant in unsaturated polyesters.
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It is used to
make simple esters widely used as plasticizers and also in making
unsaturated polyester resins, alkyd resins, polyester polyols, dyes and
pigments, halogenated anhydrides, polyetherimide resins, isatoic anhydride
and insect repellents.
Market
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World
consumption of phthalic anhydride was more than 3.5 million metric tons
recently. Global capacity utilization was slightly higher in recent years,
because of a slower pace of capacity expansions and moderate world demand.
Between past five years world capacity for phthalic anhydride grew at an
average annual rate of 1.5%, trailing world consumption.
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The largest
net importing region for phthalic anhydride is Southeast Asia and China is
the largest importing country. The largest exporting countries are Taiwan,
India and the Republic of Korea.
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