General
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Indian ornamental fishes with their
brilliant colours and unique features need no introduction to the
World market. The fresh water and the brackish water bodies and the
seas abound the Indian sub continent abound in attractive varities
of fish which are dearer to the hobbyists the world over.
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Koi is a Japanese
word meaning “love” and koi giving in Japan has much the same
meaning as flower giving in the West. Koi have been bred in Japan
since at least 300 A.D. and are a popular ornamental fish because of
their wide variety of colors and color patterns.
Production
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During and after
harvest, ornamental fish are visually inspected for quality. Quality
is determined by a number of desirable characteristics. These
characteristics include size, color, fin development, sex, as well
as indicators of health such as scale loss, torn fin rays, eye
damage, and parasite load. This time-consuming selection process is
known as grading.
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In Florida ornamental
fish production, the two most commonly used mechanical graders are
the insertable box grader and the adjustable one-piece grader.
Ornamental fish are produced primarily in outdoor, earthen ponds. In
Florida these ponds are almost all water-table ponds in sandy loams.
Most of the energy used in ornamental fish production is applied to
pumping and temperature control.
Technology
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Ornamental fish
comprise two broad categories: live-bearers and egg-layers.
Production techniques for egg-layers would encompass an entire book
on fish reproduction. Major divisions of this group include mouth
brooders, bubble nest builders, substrate spawners and egg
scatterers.
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Modern technologies
can be employed to reduce the costs of ornamental fish production. A
wide array of structures can be used for ornamental fish production.
Greenhouse structures such as those used by the horticulture
industry for plant production are commonly employed.
Market
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Freshwater tropical
ornamental fish culture is the largest component of aquaculture in
the State of Florida and accounts for approximately 95% of all
ornamentals produced in the U.S. Brazil is one of the five leading
exporting countries of tropical aquarium fishes in the world, and
the interest in marine ornamental organisms has increased
substantially there from the mid to the late 1990s. About 120 reef
fish species are currently harvested in Brazil’s ornamental trade.
- Advantage in
raising ornamental fish is that it commands much higher prices than
food fishes—typically at $1.8 million a ton. In contrast, the
average freight on board value of food fishes exported by the
country amounted to $2,700 a metric ton in 2004. The raising of
ornamental fish such as goldfish, koi, angelfish, fighting fish and
similar species is easy and cheap as the fish could be reared even
in one’s own backyard.
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