General
- Methionine is a
neutral, genetically coded aminoacid. It is essential in human
nutrition.
- Symbol
- met m
- Molecular
formula
- C5H11NO2S
- Molecular weight
- 149.21
- Isoelectric
point (pH)
- 5.74
- pKa
values
- 2.28, 9.21
- CAS Registry
Number
- 63-68-3
Process
- Enzymes
involved in methionine biosynthesis are aspartokinase β-aspartate
semialdehyde dehydrogenase homoserine dehydrogenase homoserine
acyltransferase cystathionine-γ-synthase cystathionine-β-lyase
methionine synthase
- Racemic methionine
can be synthesized from diethyl sodium phthalimidomalonate,
(C6H4(CO)2NC(CO2Et)2), by alkylation with chloroethylmethylsulfide,
ClCH2CH2SCH3 followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation.
- High levels
of methionine can be found in sesame seeds, Brazil nuts, fish, meat, and
some seeds. Most fruit and vegetables contain very little; however, some
have significant amounts, such as spinach, potatoes, and boiled corn.
Application
- Methionine is used
as dietary component in the poultry and animal feed.
- Methioninet
is essential nutrient and lipotropic agent. It is used widely in feed
mixes.
- Methionine
is essential component in human nutrition, as it is not synthesized by
the human body and is used as feedstuff for broilers.
- Methionine
plays an important role in biological methylations.
Market
- The fine
chemicals industry is turning increasingly to biological synthesis
routes to fulfill the rapidly growing demand for enantiomerically pure
pharmaceuticals.
- The rapidly
changing product demands that are typical for chiral intermediates,
however, can limit the ability of biocatalysis to compete with other
technologies.
- Current
global demand for methionine is around 450,000 - 500,000 tons per year.
However, this demand is expected to grow more than 5 percent annually,
particularly in Asia, as poultry consumption increases alongside growing
populations and rising standards of living in industrializing nations.
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