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• Methane monooxygenase, or MMO, is an enzyme capable of oxidizing the C-H bond in methane as well as other alkanes. Methane monooxygenase belongs to the class of oxidoreductase enzymes
• Methane monooxygenase comes in two varieties: soluble and membrane bound. The soluble MMO  is very nonspecific and is present primarily in Type II methanotrophs, where it is induced by low copper conditions enzyme. The membrane bound or particulate MMO (pMMO) is constitutive, but limited by the availability of copper. It is more specific for methane and oxidizes fewer xenobiotics
• The particulate methane monooxygenase and related ammonia monooxygenase are integral membrane proteins, occurring in methanotrophs and ammonia oxidisers, respectively
• Methane monooxygenases are found in methanotrophic bacteria, a class of bacteria that exist at the interface of aerobic and anaerobic environments.

Source

• Methane monooxygenases are found in methanotrophic bacteria, a class of bacteria that exist at the interface of aerobic and anaerobic environments.
• MMOs are found in methanotrophs, which are bacteria that appear to be ubiquitous in the environment and can grow with methane as the sole source of  carbon and energy.
• The soluble methane monooxygenase from the pseudothermophile Methylococcus capsulatus
  (Bath) is a three-component enzyme system that catalyzes
  the selective oxidation of methane to methanol.

Process

• In order to obtain particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO)-enriched membranes from Methylococcus
  capsulatus (Bath) with high activity and in high yields, a method is  devised  to process cell growth in a fermentor adapted with a hollow-fiber bioreactor that allows easy control and quantitative adjustment of the
  copper ion concentration in NMS medium over the time course of cell culture.

Application

• Methane monooxygenase of methane-assimilating bacteria acts on C2-C4 to produce the corresponding epoxide using NADH as a cofactor. A bioreactor containing methane-assimilating bacteria was constructed for the production of propene oxide.

• The use of enzymes known as methane monooxygenases to catalyse the oxidation of methane to methanol is a defining characteristic of methanotrophs.

• This enzyme also has potential applications for converting waste methane into methanol, synthesizing homochiral epoxides, and probing the biochemical fundamentals of the methane oxidation reaction.

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