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General
- Forging is probably
the oldest metalworking process .
- Forging is the
process by which metal is heated and is shaped by plastic deformation by
suitably applying compressive force.
- Modern metalworking
facilities have a variety of types of equipment to use in the forging
process, and there are four common mechanized metalworking techniques:
drop forging, press forging, roll forging, and cold forging.
- Most forging
operations are carried out hot, although certain metals may be
cold-forged.
- Forging results in
metal that is stronger than cast or machined metal parts.
Process
- Drop forging is a
mass production technique in which the metal is hammered between two
dies.
- In press forging, the
deformation of metal is accomplished by a squeezing action.
- The main purpose of
roll forging is the reduction of the diameter or thickness of a bar,
thereby increasing its overall length.
- Cold forging is
carried out on machines specifically designed for rapid production of
large quantities of small and medium sized parts from wire stock.
- Spray cooling has
been important to control die temperature in forging processes for
years.
- Two basic types of
forging hammers used are Board hammer and Power hammer and two basic
types of forging presses available are Mechanical presses and Hydraulic
presses.
Technology
- One of the most
widely used computer-aided techniques in simulating and analyzing the
metal forming processes including die and preform design is finite
element analysis.
- The reduction of
working pressure for cold forging by three techniques were evaluated and
tested.They were:1. Pre-chamfering 2. Spread Extrusion 3. Relieve Axis.
Market
- There has been
increasing trend of using continuous cast blooms for forging for
reducing the overall forging cost in many large and medium forging units
engaged in Closed Die forging.
- The domestic
automotive sector and outsourcing have been the key drivers of growth
for the forging industry in India with consistent increase in
production, capacity utilization and exports.
- Forging Indutry
Association, with headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio, is comprised of 116
North American producers of forged metal components, accounting for
about 61% of the custom forging volume produced annually.
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