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General
- Mangoes belong to
the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting
trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae.
- Cultivated in many
tropical regions and distributed widely in the world, mango is one of
the most popularly exploited fruits for food, juice, flavor, fragrance
and color.
- Its leaves are
ritually used as floral decorations at weddings and religious
ceremonies.
- Mango trees
reach 35-40 m in height, with a crown radius of 10 m. The leaves are
evergreen, alternate, simple, 15-35 cm long and 6-16 cm broad; when the
leaves are young they are orange-pink, rapidly changing to a dark glossy
red, then dark green as they mature.
Cultivation
- It is easily
cultivated and there are now more than 1,000 cultivars, ranging from the
turpentine mango to the huevos de toro .
- Mango can be grown
under both tropical and sub-tropical climate from sea level to 1400 m
altitude, provided there is no high humidity, rain or frost during the
flowering period.
- Places with good
rainfall and dry summer are ideal for mango cultivation.
- It is better
to avoid areas with winds and cyclones which may cause flower and fruit
shedding and breaking of branches.
Uses
- Mangoes are widely
used in chutney, which in the West is often very sweet, but in the
Indian subcontinent is usually sharpened with hot chilis or
limes.
- A more traditional
Indian drink is mango lassi, which is similar, but uses a mixture of
yogurt and milk as the base, and is sometimes flavoured with salt or
cardamom.
- Mango leaves are
used to decorate the entrance of a household amongst Hindus. Mango
leaves are also used in Indian prayers (poojas) to propitiate the gods.
- Mango is also used
to make juices, both in ripe and unripe form. Pieces of fruit can be
mashed and used in ice cream; they can be substituted for peaches in a
peach (now mango) pie; or put in a blender with milk, a little sugar,
and crushed ice for a refreshing beverage.
Market
- Fresh mangoes and
mango pulp are the important items of agri-exports from
India.
- India's main
export destinations for mango are UAE, Kuwait and other Middle East
countries with a limited quantity being shipped to European market.
- Although, India is
the largest mango producing country, accounting about 60% of world
production, the export of fresh fruit is limited to Alphonso and
Dashehari varieties.
- India's share in the
world mango market is about 15 percent. Mango accounts for 40 percent of
the total fruit exports from the country. There is good scope for
increasing the area and productivity of mango in the country.
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