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General
Information
- Maleic
anhydride (cis-butenedioic anhydride, toxilic anhydride,
dihydro-2,5-dioxofuran) is an organic compound with the formula
C4H2O3. In its pure state it is a colourless or white solid with
an acrid odour.
- Maleic
Anhydride has a cyclic structure with a ring containing four
carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.
- It is
soluble in acetone, hydrolyzing in water.
Technology
- The
international technology has moved towards butane as feed stock,
fluidised bed reactor, and anhydrous recovery system.
- In future,
the technology for MA production, is likely to be based on
butane, fluid bed reactor and anhydrous recovery system.
Manufacturing Process
- It is
prepared in commerce by the oxidation of benzene with catalyst
at high temperatures or by the reaction of C4 (butane) with
oxygen in the presence of vanadium catalyst.
- Maleic
anhydride is also produced by reaction of butane with oxygen
using the vanadium phosphorus oxide heterogeneous catalyst.
Application
- It is used
to prepare Unsaturated polyester resins, lubricating oil
additives, copolymers, fumaric acid, agricultural chemicals,
malic acid, sulfosuccinic acid esters, alkenyl succinic
anhydrides and alkyd resins.
- MA is a
basic chemical used in automotive, shipbuilding, paint and
varnish, construction, agricultural chemistry and other
industries.
- Other
applications where maleic anhydride is used include the
production of agricultural chemicals, malic acid, copolymers,
fumaric acid, lubricant additives, surfactants and plasticizers.
Market
- The
biggest maleic anhydride suppliers (net exporters) to the global
market are the USA, Japan, Belgium, Italy. The countries of
Western
Europe,
Canada, emerging economies of the Asia-Pacific region are major
net importers.
- The demand
for maleic anhydride is great among major buyers which use
maleic anhydride in unsaturated polyester resins.
- Growth in
the worldwide maleic anhydride industry is predominantly in the
butane-to-maleic anhydride route, often at the expense of
benzene-based production.
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