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General
- Malathion is an
organophosphate parasympathomimetic which binds irreversibly to
cholinesterase.
- Malathion is a
nonsystemic, wide-spectrum organophosphate insecticide.
- Malathion is slightly
toxic via the oral route.
- Malathion can also be
found in products that are used on pets to control ticks and fleas.
- Trade names for
products containing malathion include Celthion, Cythion, Dielathion, El
4049, Emmaton, Exathios, Fyfanon and Hilthion, Karbofos and Maltox.
Process
- Malathion present in
untreated water is converted to malaoxon during the chlorination phase
of water treatment, so malathion should not be used in waters that may
be used as a source for drinking water, or any upstream waters.
- Malathion works by
attacking the nervous system; it is essentially a nerve poison.
- The “disappearance
method” was applied by measuring malathion concentrations in the water
before and after human subject exposure to the water for various periods
of time. Malathion was measured using Gas Chromatography.
- Malathion in water
may be determined by extracting into dichloromethane, drying the
extract, redissolving in hexane and analysing by gas–liquid
chromatography, phosphorus mode.
Uses
- Malathion inhibits
the proper functioning of the nervous system of the adult mosquito.
- Malathion is suited
for the control of sucking and chewing insects on fruits and vegetables.
- Malathion produced
detectable mutations in three different types of cultured human cells,
including white blood cells and lymph cells.
- Malathion is
mutagenic, carcinogenic, has been implicated in vision loss, kidney
damage, and lung damage.
- Malathion is the most
common agent used in Canada for the control of adult mosquitoes by ultra
low volume (ULV) application.
Technology
- Gas and thin-layer
chromatography and infrared spectroscopy confirmed malathion to be
degraded via malathion- monocarboxylic acid to the dicarboxylic acid and
then to various phosphothionates.
- PFF is a newly
recorded species of fruit flies. PFF control in Egypt is based primarily
on applications of organophosphate insecticides, especially malathion,
mixed with protein baits using bait application technique.
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