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General
- Liquefied natural gas
or LNG is natural gas that has been converted to liquid form for ease of
storage or transport.
- Liquefied natural gas
takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas at a stove burner tip.
- It is odorless,
colorless, non-corrosive, and non-toxic. When vaporized, it burns only
in concentrations of 5% to 15% when mixed with air. Neither LNG, nor its
vapor, can explode in an unconfined environment.
- LNG is principally used
for transporting natural gas to markets, where it is regasified and
distributed as pipeline natural gas.
Process
- The liquefaction
process involves removal of certain components, such as dust, helium,
water, and heavy hydrocarbons, which could cause difficulty downstream,
and then condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure.
- The most important
infrastructure needed for LNG production and transportation is an LNG
plant consisting of one or more LNG trains, each of which is an
independent unit for gas liquefaction.
- Where moving natural
gas by pipelines is not possible or economical, it can be transported by
specially designed cryogenic sea vessels (LNG carriers) or cryogenic
road tankers.
Technology
- The combination of
changing global markets for natural gas liquids (NGL) with the
simultaneous increase in global demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG)
has stimulated an interest in the integration of NGL recovery technology
with LNG liquefaction technologies.
- Proven and simple LNG
technology using single mixed refrigerant (SMR) process supplemented by
ammonia absorption refrigeration.
- The list of
liquefaction processes were then categorized by the type of refrigerant
the processes used all mixed refrigerants, all pure refrigerants, both
mixed and pure SWHE geometry refrigerants, or other.
Market
- In contrast to LNG
imported to North America, where the price is pegged to Henry Hub, most
of the LNG imported to Asia is pegged to crude oil prices by a formula
consisting of indexation called the Japan Crude Cocktail.
- LNG prices to Europe
and Japan, have been lower than oil prices, though the link between LNG
and oil is still strong In contrast, recent prices in the US and UK
markets have skyrocketed then fallen as a result of changes in supply
and storage.
- Over the long-term,
data would indicate that the price of natural gas in the US, north Asia
and Europe tend to converge.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has become an increasingly important part of
the U.S. energy market.
Report
- The flood of
stand-alone liquefied natural gas projects has carried the value of
Australian petroleum projects under development or in the planning
stages to more than $100 billion.
- The UK is amongst the
new sectors embracing Strainstall’s LNG berth management system
technology.
- Although many of the
company’s mooring packages are currently in operation in this country,
none was utilised in the LNG sector until Strainstall equipment was
specified for Excelerate Energy’s brand-new Teeside GasPort facility.
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