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General
- Jowar (sorghum)
is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and is one of
the four major food grains of our country.
- Jowar is the most
important crop in Maharashtra occupying the highest area of 55 lakh
hectares with 36 per cent of the total cropped area under this crop.
- Sorghum is a
genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for
grain and many of which are used as fodder plants either cultivated
or as part of pasture.
- Sorghum is called
various names in different places in the world. In Western Africa,
it is called great millet, kafir corn or guinea corn, which
represents a connection with corn or millet. It is called jowar in
India, kaolian in China and milo in Spain.
Cultivation
- Jowar is grown
both in Kharif and Rabi seasons.
- Unlike sugarcane,
which is a tropical plant, sweet sorghum can be cultivated in nearly
all temperate and tropical climatic areas.
- Sweet sorghum can
be sown during June, coinciding with the south-west monsoon,
September October during north east monsoon with a rainfall of
500-600 mm well distributed across the growing period and also
during summer with assured irrigation.
- A plough or tined
implement can be used for primary cultivation of Sorghum. Ploughing
is, however, not recommended for sandy soils.
Process
- Sorghum syrup
made from cane sorghum is made by squeezing the juice from the cane
and cooking off the excess water to obtain a sweet, sticky syrup - a
delicacy in many parts of the country.
- A total of 22
sweet sorghum accessions were tested for three years to identify the
most promising ones for ethanol production.
- Wet-milling
process was devised to isolate readily accessible starch from grain
sorghum.
- Malting Process
of Sorghum is for the brewing of traditional beer.
Market
- The U.S. is also
the largest exporter of sorghum in the world, which has been
exporting more than six million metric tons of grain sorghum
annually, generating around half a billion dollars income.
- Sorghum is a
major input to the Mexican feed industry representing sixty to
eighty percent of mixed feeds that are used in animal feeding.
- International
market prices for sorghum are largely determined by the supply and
demand situation in the United States, and export prices are based
on the reference sorghum, US Milo no. 2, yellow.
- According to
market survey of Sorgum it has been found that Honey sells better
than sorghum.
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