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General
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Intravenous fluids may be classified into crystalloids, colloids,
and blood products (box).
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Crystalloids are substances that form a true solution and pass
freely through a semipermeable membrane.
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Colloids are substances that do not dissolve into a true solution
and do not pass through a semipermeable membrane.
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The
administration of intravenous fluids is one of the most common and
universal interventions in medicine.
Production
Process
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Intravenous fluids can supply two things: fluid volume and
electrolytes.
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These
fluids are usually provided to acutely expand intravascular volume,
to correct an underlying imbalance in fluids or electrolytes or to
compensate for an ongoing problem that is affecting either fluid or
electrolytes.
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Two IV
solutions are used for acute volume expansio. They are Normal Saline
(0.9%) and Lactated Ringer's Solution.
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Normal
Saline is nothing more than salt water at a concentration that is
isotonic with the blood (154 mM sodium).
Medicinal Uses
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Wide use of
hypotonic IV solutions is for hydration therapy.
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Chilled IV
fluids can be much more effective for the induction of hypothermia than
commonly assumed, but they must be administered
very rapidly to avoid heat gains in IV tubing.
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Management
of intravenous (IV) fluids must be optimized perioperatively to avoid
tissue hypoperfusion or fluid overload.
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Warmed
intravenous fluids used in hypothermic patients.
Technology
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Field
intravenous reconstitution (FIVR) is envisioned to be an integrated
medical component system .
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The above
FIVR produces a variety of packaged IV fluids in large quantities to
support field medical treatment facilities (MTF) that provide emergency
resuscitative surgery and critical care.
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The
objective of FIVR is to design and develop an FDA-approved Environmental
Protection Agency-quality water-source processing device consisting of
integrated medical grade components.
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