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General

• Imidazole is a organic compound with the formula HC3H3N2. This aromatic heterocyclic is classified as an alkaloid.
• Imidazole refers to the parent compound whereas imidazoles are a class of heterocycles with similar ring structure but varying substituents.
• This ring system is present in important biological building blocks such as histidine, and the related hormone histamine.
• Imidazole can serve as a base and as a weak acid. Many drugs contain an imidazole ring, such as antifungal drugs and nitroimidazole.

Process

• Imidazole can be synthesized by numerous methods besides the Debus method. Many of these syntheses can also be applied to different substituted imidazoles and imidazole derivatives simply by varying the functional groups on the reactants.
• The Debus method forms the (1,2), (3,4), and (1,5) bonds in imidazole, using each reactant as a fragment of the ring, and thus this method would be a three-bond-forming synthesis.
• Imidazole can be synthesized by the photolysis of 1-vinyltetrazole. This reaction will only give substantial yields if the 1-vinyltetrazole is made efficiently from an organotin compound such as 2-tributylstannyltetrazole.

Application

• Imidazole is used to elute tagged proteins bound to Ni ions attached to the surface of beads in the chromatography column.
• Imidazole has become an important part of many pharmaceuticals. Synthetic imidazoles are present in many fungicides and antifungal, antiprotozoal, and antihypertensive medications.
• Imidazole is part of the theophylline molecule, found in tea leaves and coffee beans, which stimulates the central nervous system.
• Imidazole is present in the anticancer medication mercaptopurine, which combats leukemia by interfering with DNA activities.
   

Report

• The toxicity observed with imidazole carboxamide and vincristine included hematological depression with leukocyte counts below 3,000/cu mm in 9 of 29 patients.
• The platelet counts less than 100,000/cu mm in 8 of 29 patients, as compared to 8 of 26 patients with leukocytes below 3,000 and 13 of 26 patients with platelets less than 100,000 utilizing CCNU.
• The present study was designed to observe the clinical effects of 2 agents, imidazole carboxamide and vincristine, as a combination program previously not reported and a new nitrosourea, CCNU, in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma.
   

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