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Introduction
- A halide
is a binary compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and
the other part is an element or radical that is less
electronegative than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride,
bromide, iodide, or astatide compound.
- A halide
ion is a halogen atom bearing a negative charge. The halide
anions are fluoride (F−), chloride (Cl−), bromide (Br−), iodide
(I−) and astatide (At−). Such ions are present in all ionic
halide salts.
- In organic
chemistry halides represent a functional group. Any organic
compound that contains a halogen atom can be considered a
halide. Alkyl halides are organic compounds of the type R-X,
containing an alkyl group R covalently bonded to a halogen X.
- Dihalides
are commonly used in the synthesis of cyclic alkanes.
- The
typical halide mineral is soft, can be transparent, is generally
not very dense, has good cleavage, and often has bright colors.
Applications
- Metal
halides are used in high-intensity discharge lamps called
metal halide lamps, such as those used in modern street
lights. These are more energy-efficient than mercury-vapor
lamps, and have much better colour rendition than orange
high-pressure sodium lamps.
- Metal
halide lamps are also commonly used in greenhouses or in
rainy climates to supplement natural sunlight.
Market
-
Metal halide sales have increased at an average rate of
15% each year.
-
The number of prints being produced on silver halide
paper from film and digital imaging devices will rise
from 135 billion in 2000 to 142 billion in 2008.
-
The growth of silver halide based photography papers,
silver usage for these products should rise from 46.0
million troy ounces in 2000 to 60.1 million troy ounces
in 2008.
-
Demand for X-ray films, which represent the largest
usage segment for silver halide, are continuing to grow,
despite the emergence of sophisticated digital X-ray
technology.
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