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Information @ a Glance

Introduction

  • Gum arabic, a natural gum also called gum acacia, and chaar gund or char goond (in India), is the hardened sap taken from two species of the acacia tree, Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal.
  • Gum arabic is a complex mixture of saccharides and glycoproteins, which gives it its most useful property: it is perfectly edible.
  • Gum Arabic is a natural product of the Acacia Senegal tree, occurring as an exudate from the trunks and branches.
  • Gum Acacia is highly nutritious.

Manufacturing Process

  • Gum arabic is prepared from an exudate from the stems and branches of sub-Saharan (Sahel zone) Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal (Leguminosae) trees and produced naturally as large nodules during a process called gummosis to seal wounds in the bark of the tree.
  • Gum arabic consists mainly of high-molecular weight polysaccharides and their calcium, magnesium, and potassium salts, which on hydrolysis yield arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid.
  • There are two main processes depending on the nature of final product, viz; the precipitation and spray--drying technique.

Uses

  • The uses of Gum Arabic include confectionery, flavours, pharmaceuticals, bakery, beverages, ink and other industrial applications.
  • Gum arabic's mixture of saccharides and glycoproteins means that it is a glue, binder, and preparation agent which still remains edible by humans.
  • Gum arabic is used as a binder for watercolor painting because it dissolves easily in water.
  • It is used as an acid-resistant thickener and emulsifier in sauces, salad dressings and confectionery lozenges.

Market

  • Gum arabic is widely used by the food and beverage industry and the top producers (mainly Sudan) bring about 50,000 tonnes of the gum to the market each year.
  • The local price for gum varies from season to season with higher prices recorded at off season and lower prices at on season.
  • Nigeria is the second largest exporte r of Gum Arabic after Sudan.
  • The United States is the largest single market for Gum Arabic with annual consumption estimated at about 25 per cent of the global market requirements.
     

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