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General
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Glyoxal is an organic
compound with the formula OCHCHO. It will be an yellow-coloured liquid and
also smallest dialdehyde.
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Glyoxal, difunctional low
mole weight aldehyde, is a highly reactive intermediate used for the
preparation of copolymers, dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, corrosion
inhibitors and photographic chemicals.
Process
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The preparation of anhydrous
glyoxal entails heating solid glyoxal hydrate(s) with phosphorus pentoxide.
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Glyoxal may be formed in the
degradation of glucose by retroaldol condensation reactions activated by
deprotonation of the 2- or 3-hydroxy groups.
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Commercial glyoxal is
prepared either by the gas phase oxidation of ethylene glycol in the
presence of a silver or copper catalyst or by the liquid phase oxidation of
acetaldehyde with nitric acid.
Production
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Glyoxal is endogenously
produced during normal cellular metabolism by a multitude of
enzymeindependent pathways.
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Glyoxal is also a product of
the metabolism and microsomal oxidation of other compounds, such as
glycolaldehyde, ethylene glycol, and β- hydroxy-substituted N-nitrosamines.
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Glyoxal, which attacks amino
groups of proteins, nucleotides, and lipids, is considered an important
intermediate in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs).
Uses
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Paper coatings and textiles
use large amounts of glyoxal as a crosslinker for starch-based formulations
and as a starting
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material with ureas for
wrinkle-resistant chemical treatments.
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It is used as a solubilizer
and cross-linking agent in polymer chemistry.
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It is used in soil and cement
stabilizing and also used to improve moisture resistance in paper, leather
and glue.
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