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Production
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Glucoamylase
(α-l,4-glucan glucohydrolase) is an exoamylase like β-amylase
but removes a single terminal glucose unit from the non-reducing end
of the substrates with the inversion of configuration. It hydrolyses
α-1,4-, α-1,6- and also α-1,3- glucosidic bonds.
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Five
commercial preparations of glucoamylases (three from Aspergillus niger,
one each from Aspergillus foetidus and Aspergillus candidus) were
purified by ultrafiltration, Sepharose-gel filtration and
DEAEsephadex chromatography. Two forms of the enzyme, namely
glucoamylase I and glucoamylase II were obtained from the fungi except
from one strain of A. niger. All the enzymes appeared homogeneous by
electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation.
Applications
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Enzymes
are proteins that catalyze different kinds of biochemical reactions.
They are in great demand for the food, feed, textile industry and
other industrial applications.
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The
glucoamylase preparation from Aspergillus Niger mutant has been
produced on a commercial scale. The preparation was widely utilized
forthe industrial production of crystalline D-glucose, high fructose
corn syrups, wine, ethanol, beer, and in other fermentation processes.
Market
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US
demand for enzymes will grow 6.9 percent per year to $2.2 billion in
2010, bolstered by strong gains in important markets such as animal
feed, biocatalysts, pharmaceuticals and starch processing. Other
significant markets such as diagnostics, research and biotechnology,
and food and beverages will also experience healthy growth,
although a challenging environment in the cleaning products
industry will limit advances. Volume annual gains will only be 2.7
percent as rapid increases in the high-value pharmaceutical and
biocatalyst markets contribute to a shifting product mix
and higher average prices.
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