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General
- Gallium is a chemical element that
has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31.
- A soft silvery metallic poor
metal, gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures but liquefies
slightly above room temperature and will melt in the hand.
- It occurs in trace amounts in
bauxite and zinc ores.Most gallium is extracted from the crude aluminium
hydroxide solution of the Bayer process for producing alumina and
aluminium.
- Gallium does not exist in free
form in nature, nor do any high-gallium minerals exist to serve as a
primary source of extraction of the element or its compounds.
Application
- Gallium is used in glass with a high refraction
coefficient; Ga2O3 - based glass is transparent for infrared waves.
- Liquid gallium reflects 88% of
incident light, the solid metal - just slightly less, so gallium is very
useful in mirrors production, the glass surface of which may be just
brushed by gallium.
- The widebandgap semiconductor
families, which include GaN, silicon carbide (SiC) and diamond, have
long been touted for their potential superior performance in
high-frequency and/or high-power applications.
- Gallium compound is used in the
production of several electronic parts such as diodes and transistors,
made for voltage rectification, signal amplification, etc.
Synthesis &
Extraction
- The pyrolysis of organometallic
precursors has already been demonstrated to be a powerful route to the
synthesis of nanotubes and filled nanotubes.
- Solvent extraction is a very
effective method for the separation and concentration of metal cations,
including the Group 13 metals, in solution.
- As a crystallographic approach to
evaluate the extraction mechanism of Ga3+ with H3tdmba and the chemical
structure of the extracted Ga3+, crystal structure of H3tdmba4 was
analyzed by using X-ray crystallography.
- A solvent extraction process based
on aqueous nitric acid and organic tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) has been
suggested as a fully developed method for separating gallium from the
plutonium.
Market
- The market forecast for both
gallium nitride based optoelectronic and electronic devices is projected
to grow to nearly $1.3 billion in 2004, and to more than $4.8 billion in
2009, compared with $420 million in 1999.
- The electronic device market is
forecast to begin in 2002 with modest shipments of RF/microwave and
high-temperature devices, and to expand in subsequent years to include
power switches, power rectifiers and high-voltage rectifiers.
- The current status of gallium
nitride (GaN) technology, reviews the present and future applications of
GaN-based devices, and forecasts the device market for the next 10
years.
- Overall market growth for GaAs
devices will continue to be dependent primarily on the wireless markets,
with the cellular handset market being the primary driver. Demand from
other applications, such as automotive radar, will increase, but
cellular handsets will still account for at least 33 percent of the GaAs
device market in 2008.
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