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General
- Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) is the
magnesium rich end-member of the olivine solid solution series.
- Forsterite is associated with
igneous and metamorphic rocks and has also been found in meteorites.
- Forsterite is named for the
German naturalist, Johann Forster. It is one of two minerals that
are simply known as olivine and the other mineral is fayalite.
Formation
- Forsterite has been synthesized
by solid-state reaction between MgO and SiO2,6 or bauxite and
MgCO3,7 but also by various sol-gel methods,2,8,9 which include a
H2O2-assisted process.
- Refactory forsterites are
widespread components of all types of unequilibated chondrites. The
origin of refractory forsterites, have been traced by conducting an
in-situ LA-ICP-MS trace element study of refractory forsterites from
carbonaceous chondrites.
Application
- The forsterite- fayalite solid
solution series is sometimes used in the manufacture of refractory
brick.
- Cr:forsterite is an appealing
gain medium in the near infrared. The output is compatible with
telecommunications wavelengths and its gain bandwidth makes it a
good alternative to Ti:Sapphire systems for longer wavelength
configurations.
Technology
- Forsterite crystals, doped with
Cr4+, Cr3+, Cr2+, Co2+, Ni2+, V4+, were grown by Czochralski
technique.
- The inherent Kerr nonlinearity of
the Cr:Forsterite laser crystal can be accessed to generate
ultrashort pulses using a technique known as self-modelocking.
Market
- A new variety of simulated
tanzanite known as "Forsterite" has recently begun to make headway
in the retail market.
- Forsterite is grown in Russia. A
member of the olivine mineral group, natural forsterite also exists,
and can be found primarily in Sri Lanka.
- In Greece, in areas whose
ophiolitic rocks are extensively developed, there exist significant
olivine deposits, mainly in the Kozani prefec-ture (Vourinos area)
and in Chalkidiki (Vavdos) area.
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