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General
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Ferroalloy refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of
one or more other element other than carbon.
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Ferroalloy is used to physically introduce or "carry" that element into
molten metal, usually during steel manufacture.
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The
term ferroalloy is used to include any alloys that introduce reactive
elements or alloy that introduce reactive elements or alloy systems,
such as nickel and cobalt-based aluminum systems.
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It is
used in the production of steels and alloys as a raw material.
Process
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A
variety of furnace types, including submerged electric arc furnaces,
exothermic (metallothermic) reaction furnaces, and electrolytic cells
can be used to produce ferroalloys.
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The
exothermic process is generally used to produce high-grade alloys with
low-carbon content.
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In the
production of ferroalloys in submerged arc furnaces, the primary
function of the carbonaceous material (mainly coke and coal) is to act
as reductant: to react with the metal oxide to form metal and carbon
monoxide.
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Most
ferroalloys and many other metallurgical products, intermediates and
waste products arise from smelting processes, which produce molten
materials such as ferroalloys, mattes, metals, or slags.
Market
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Currently markets for atomised ferroalloys are somewhat limited and
comprise <1% of the ferroalloy business.
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South
Africa's third-largest ferrochrome producer is setting the pace in the
expansion of South Africa's ferrochrome capacity to meet the expected
growth in world demand.
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Production of ferrochrome in India, the third-largest producing country
in the world exceeded 0.5 Mt for the first time in 2003/04.
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Of all
the ferro-alloys, the noble alloys ferrovanadium and ferromolybdenum
achieved the most spectacular turnaround.
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Overall, South African ferroalloy producers have adapted well to the
strong unexpected upturn in the market.
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