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General
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Epichlorohydrin is reactive organic compound.
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It is
an epoxide and an organochloride. It is a colorless liquid with a
pungent, garlic-like odor that is insoluble in water, but miscible with
most polar organic solvents.
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Epichlorohydrin is a highly reactive compound and will polymerize upon
treatment with acid or strong base.
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This
compound will react violently with strong oxidants, anhydrous metal
halides, strong acids and bases, alcohols, phenols, amines (especially
aniline) and metals such as zinc and aluminium.
Process
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Epichlorohydrin is manufactured from propylene through the intermediacy
of allyl chloride.
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The
epichlorohydrin is reacted with an alkali nitrate, such as sodium
nitrate, producing glycidyl nitrate and alkali chloride.
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Epichlorohydrin is of interest both as the biological epoxidation
product of allyl chloride (3-chloropropylene) and as an industrial
synthesis product which is used in the manufacture of glycerol and epoxy
resins, surfactants, resins, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, and
agricultural chemicals.
Technology
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ECH is
produced by the conventional route starting with propenc and chlorine
via allyl chloride (AC) and dichlorohydrin (DCH) to ECH. The world
production capacity of ECH arnounts to about 850 kton per year.
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The
synthesis of ECI-I can be divided into four steps: synthesis of
allylchloride (AC), synthesis of dichiorohydrin (DCH), synthesis of
epichlorohydrin (ECH), synthesis of hypochlorite (HOCI).
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Several end-of-pipe techniques are theoretically considered for
treatment of the ECH effluent.
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The
novel technologt is based on using a totally different feedsock sompared
to the tradiitonal Epichlorohydrin process, which uses chlorine and
propylene as the raw materials.
Uses
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Epichlorohydrin is used to make numerous substances, predominantly
synthetic glycerin and unmodified epoxy resins.
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It is
used as a building block in making elastomers and other polymers, some
of which are used in water supply systems.
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It is
used in making wet strength resins and water-treatment resins. It is
used to make a variety of glycidyl derivatives, surfactants,
plasticizers, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, emulsifiers, lubricants, and
adhesives.
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It is
used as an insect fumigant. It is also used as a solvent for cellulose,
resins, rosins, paints , and pesticide, and as a stabilizer in
chlorine-containing substances.
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