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General
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Ephedrine
(EPH) is a sympathomimetic amine similar in structure to the synthetic
derivatives amphetamine and methamphetamine.
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Ephedrine
is commonly used as a stimulant, appetite suppressant, concentration
aid, decongestant and to treat hypotension associated with regional
anaesthesia.
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Ephedrine
is an alkaloid derived from various plants in the genus Ephedra (family
Ephedraceae). It is most usually marketed in the hydrochloride and
sulfate forms.
Application
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Ephedrine
and its chemically related cousin, pseudoephedrine, however, are used
for legitimate medical purposes, especially for treating colds and other
breathing disorders.
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Ephedrine
was widely used as a topical decongestant and as a bronchodilator in the
treatment for asthma.
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Ephedra is
a herb used over 5000 years ago to treat several disorders, such as
asthma and bronchitis. Because ephedra has the ability to increase
metabolism,and burn fat it became a popular ingredient used in diet
pills.
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Ephedrine
is the alkaloidal active principle of the Chinese plant Ma Huang, which
has been known in Chinese medicine for some 5,100 years. The plant is a
low, practically leafless, shrub, about 60 to 90 cm. high. It is sold
freely in the neighbourhood of Pekin, and has been 'Used in China as a
diaphoretic, circulatory stimulant, antipyretic, sedative in cough,
etc.
Market
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The
production of ephedrine in China has become a multi-million dollar
export industry. Companies producing for export extract US$13 million
worth of ephedrine from 30,000 tons of ephedra annually, 10 times the
amount that is used in traditional Chinese medicine.
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China and
India remain the primary sources for precursor chemicals required in the
production of ATS. In recent years both countries have introduced
measures to minimise clandestine exports of ephedrine and
pseudoephedrine which is likely to assist efforts to control access to
precursor chemicals.
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Today,
ephedra is listed for its medicinal properties in the national
pharmacopeias of China, Japan and Germany, as well as in the Ayurvedic
pharmacopoeia of India. In Germany, ephedra can be dispensed by medical
prescription.
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