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General &
Process
- Supercritical fluid
includes high diffusivity, low surface tension, low dielectric constant,
and continuously variable density.
- Carbon dioxide is in
its supercritical fluid state when both the temperature and pressure
equal or exceed the critical point of 31°C and 73 atm.
- In its supercritical
state, CO2 has both gas-like and liquid-like qualities, and it is this
dual characteristic of supercritical fluids that provides the ideal
conditions for extracting compounds with a high degree of recovery in a
short period of time.
- Supercritical fluid
technology, in which water and carbon dioxide are solvents, provides
high-speed reactions, control of reactions and is a basic technology for
decentralizing processes.
Application
- Supercritical fluid
technology (SFT) has been used in many fields for decades, such as the
food industry, chemical processing, polymers, textile, forest product
industries, and in the cleaning of precision parts other than
pharmaceuticals.
- The supercritical
fluid extraction(SFE) experiments were carried out on four different
commercial instruments. Based on the results obtained from this work
to-date, it would appear that SFE can be successfully used to replace
Soxhlet extractions for a wide range of textile and fiber applications.
- The gas-antisolvent
crystallization and rapid expansion of supercritical(SC) fluid emerge as
attractive methods for micron-size particle formation.
- Supercritical fluid (SCF)
technology has been in commercial use for the past 30 years as an
environmentally benign, energy- and cost- saving tool in various
industries, particularly for the decaffeination of coffee and tea and
for the extraction of flavors and essential oils from natural sources.
- The high level of
interest in Supercritical Fluid (SCF) Technology first appeared as a
result of the environmental benefits associated with their replacement
of organic solvents.
Technology
- Supercritical fluid
extraction is an emerging analytical technique that has the potential to
both reduce extraction times of textile substrates by a factor of 5-10
and to drastically reduce the amount of solvent required for analysis of
extractables.
- A two-stage
technology employing green solvents such as supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2)
and supercritical water (SCW) for the extraction and destruction of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
from contaminated soils/sediments is proposed.
- Rapid Expansion of
Supercritical Solutions (RESS) processing is used to prepare
microspheres.
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