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General
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A
concrete masonry unit (CMU) [US], concrete block, cement block or
foundation block [US] is a large rectangular brick used in construction.
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A
concrete block is one of several precast concrete products used in
construction.
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Hollow
concrete blocks are substitutes for conventional bricks and stones in
building construction.
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Split-face concrete blocks or concrete masonry units (CMUs) are a
special class of decorative or architectural block that has a rough,
stone-like texture created by splitting a block during production.
Manufacturing
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The
production of concrete blocks consists of four basic processes: mixing,
molding, curing, and cubing.
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Aerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) is manufactured by combining sand,
lime, cement, and water plus an expansion agent that reacts with the
other ingredients to form the porous microstructure in the concrete.
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The
manufacture of concrete blocks requires constant monitoring to produce
blocks that have the required properties.
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The
color additives with the longest history of proven performance in
concrete products are made from oxidized metals.
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The
crumb rubber was used as aggregate in the manufacturing of concrete
block.
Applications
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Veneer
wall concrete blocks are heavy weight, hardly capillary and have a
moderate to low air and vapour permeance.
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Articulated Concrete Blocks has been utilized for Overtopping
Protection.
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Concrete blocks and iron structures of different design, size and weight
are used for the construction of artificial reefs.
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Concrete block walls are commonly used to separate dwelling units from
each other and to enclose mechanical equipment rooms in both residential
and office buildings because of their inherent mass and stiffness.
Technology
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Concrete block paving technology supports the use of pavers in
engineering pavements.
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Geodetic and non-geodeticlight technique used to detect the deformation
of a weight concrete block which undergoes load testing.
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Infrared (IR) scanning technique used to evaluate the bond between FRP
composites and concrete.
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Two
novel techniques of remediating concrete and wood contaminated with
organic compounds were developed and tested.
Market
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A
typical price increase will be around 30 pence per square metre for
solid dense concrete blocks. However, the block industry offers a number
of products that will help to reduce the impact of the levy on the
customer, such as cellular and lightweight blocks.
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The
construction industry and the masonry segment remain strong influences
on the U.S. economy.
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Typically, the cost of raw materials in concrete is about 60-70 percent
cement and 30-40 percent aggregates and water. Labor and equipment cost
is also significant, averaging approximately 25 percent of the total
concrete cost
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