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Introduction
- Citronella
oil is one of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and
stems of different species of Cymbopogon.
- Citronella
oil is a volatile oil obtained from the leaves and stem of the
plant Cymbopogon winteratus or Cymbopogon nardus. The oil
contains approximately 30% citronellal and 40% geraniol.
- It
contains citronellal, geraniol and hydroxy citronellol and other
high value perfumery bases obtained on steam distillation of
citronella grass.
- It has a
rose like odour and bitter taste
Manufacturing Process
- The
process of distillation consists of the release of oil in
the form of vapour from the leaves in contact with steam and
considering the mixture of oil vapour and steam to oil and
water.
- The
distillation unit consists of two parts- a mild steel still
in which the grass is placed and exposed to steam to steam
and a condenser which condenses the vapour/ steam mixture to
water and oil.
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Distillation process is commonly used for extracting
essential oils, which are steam volatile, stable to action
of heat and insoluble in water.
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Machineries needed include Distillation plant with steam
generator, Steam generator, Lid lifting gear, Furnace and
accessories, Separator, Centrifugal pump, Chimney, Water
storage tank
Uses
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The oil is used extensively as a source of perfumery
chemicals such as citronellal, citronellol and geraniol.
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These chemicals find extensive use in soap, perfumery,
cosmetic and flavouring industries throughout the world.
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The oil is used for perfuming soaps, detergents,
cosmetics, agarbattis and for making mosquito repellent
creams.
Market
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The
main producers are China and Indonesia - producing
40% of the world's supply. The oil is also produced
in Taiwan, Guatemala, Honduras, Brazil, Sri Lanka,
India, Argentina, Ecuador, Jamaica, Madagascar,
Mexico, and South Africa.
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The
leading exporters in particular order are China,
Indonesia, Taiwan, Guatemala, Sri Lanka, Argentina
and Brazil.
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