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General
- Chromium is a
mineral that humans require in trace amounts, although its mechanisms of
action in the body and the amounts needed for optimal health are not well
defined.
- Chromium also
appears to be directly involved in carbohydrate, fat, and protein
metabolism
- It is a
steel-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high
melting point. It is also odourless, tasteless, and malleable.
Process
- Chromite ore and
soda ash are the principal raw materials in the manufacture of chromium
chemicals. These compounds are subjected to a high temperature
calcination process to produce sodium chromate.
- The sodium
chromate is then reacted with sulphuric acid to produce sodium
dichromate liquor with sodium sulphate as a co-product.The sodium
dichromate is used as the derivative to manufacture the whole range of
chromium based chemicals.
Application
- Chromite is used
to make molds for the firing of bricks.
- Chromium salts are
used in the tanning of leather.
- Potassium
dichromate is a chemical reagent, used in cleaning laboratory glassware
and as a titrating agent. It is also used as a mordant for dyes in
fabric.
- Chromium(IV) oxide
(CrO2) is used to manufacture magnetic tape, where its higher
coercivity than iron oxide tapes gives better performance.
-
Chromium(III) sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3) is
used as a green pigment in paints, in ceramic, varnishes and inks as
well as in chrome plating.
Market
- The global
chromium market is in a period of slowgrowth, with world consumption
forecast to be worth over US$2 billion by 2004. South Africa is the
largest producer, with production around 6 million tonnes (US$800
million) a year.
- Price of Indian
chromium concentrate powder 50% by a chrome trader at a Chinese port has
reached USD 610 per ton and domestic price at RMB 103 per ton,
concentrate 44% of South Africa origin is USD 390
Report
-
The exposure to chromium among
workers such as chromium-exposed are welders, chromate pigment workers,
chrome platers, and chromium tanning workers may be associated with cancer
at other tissue sites, including leukemia and bone cancer
-
Four groundwater samples taken
from the monitoring well in Canyon detected toxic hexavalent chromium at
up to four times the drinking water standard and up to eight times the
state groundwater quality standard.
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