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General

• Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2.
• This reddish-yellow gas crystallizes as orange crystals at −59 °C. As one of several oxides of chlorine, it is a potent and useful oxidizing agent used in water treatment and in bleaching.

Production

• Over 95% of the chlorine dioxide produced in the world today is made from sodium chlorate and is used for pulp bleaching. It is produced with high efficiency by reducing sodium chlorate in a strong acid solution with a suitable reducing agent such as hydrochloric acid and sulfur dioxide.
• In later years, a growing proportion of the chlorine dioxide made globally for water treatment and other small scale applications has been made using the chlorate, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid method which can produce a chlorine free product at high efficiency.

Uses

• Chlorine dioxide is used primarily greater than 95% for bleaching of wood pulp, but is also used for the bleaching of flour and for the disinfection of municipal drinking water.
• Chlorine dioxide is used as an oxidant for phenol destruction in waste water streams, control of zebra and quagga mussels in water intakes and for odor control in the air scrubbers of animal byproduct rendering plants.
• Chlorine dioxide is used in many industrial water treatment applications as a biocide including cooling towers, process water and food processing.

Report

• It can also be used for air disinfection, and was the principal agent used in the decontamination of buildings in the United States anthrax attacks.
• The use of chlorine dioxide in water treatment leads to the formation of the by-product chlorite which is currently limited to a maximum of 1 ppm in drinking water in the USA.

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