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General
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A Ceramic
Capacitor is a capacitor constructed of alternating layers of metal and
ceramic, with the ceramic material acting as the dielectric. Depending on
the dielectric, whether Class 1 or Class 2, the degree of
temperature/capacity dependence varies. A ceramic capacitor often has
(especially the class 2) high dissipation factor, high frequency coefficient
of dissipation.
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A ceramic
capacitor is a two-terminal, non-polar device. The classical ceramic
capacitor is the "disc capacitor". This device pre-dates the transistor and
was used extensively in vacuum-tube equipment.
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Ceramic
capacitors come in various shapes and styles, including: disc, resin coated,
with through-hole leads ; multilayer rectangular block, surface mount; bare
leadless disc, sits in a slot in the PCB and is soldered in place, used for
UHF work; tube shape, not popular now.
Manufacturing Process
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Manufacturing starts with finely powdered base ceramic material that are
pressed into dies and fired at high temperatures. Individual capacitors may
be cut from large sheets of ceramic material.
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The
capacitor electrodes (i.e. the plates) are attached by screen printing a
mixture of silver, finely powdered glass, and a binder on both sides of the
disk, and firing the ceramic element again. This evaporates the binder, and
the melted glass binds the silver to the ceramic surface.
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Next,
hairpin wires are clipped onto the capacitor and it is dipped in solder.
Once cooled the capacitor is dipped into paint, marked, and the lower ends
of the hairpin cut off. Clearly the whole process lends itself to
automation, and dipped ceramic capacitors are very inexpensive. Capacitor
characteristics depend on the type of ceramic used.
Technology
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Parts
manufacturers have developed a highly integrated and high-performance
semiconductor integrated circuit. On the other hand, even in many electronic
parts such as a multilayer ceramic capacitor used in electronic equipment,
miniaturization and high capacity are being promoted and compact-size
products are increasingly being used. In chip multilayer ceramic capacitors,
the latest trend is subminiature products of less than 1005 size (1.0 × 0.5
mm).
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For the
development of subminiature multilayer ceramic capacitor, size is not only
miniaturized by the introduction of high-precision processing technology,
but also the approach for realizing compactness and higher capacity is
promoted by the introduction of high electrostatic capacity technology.
Market
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Ceramic
capacitor production in India is almost non-existent, although there are a
few niche manufacturing companies promoted niche venture with output of Rs34
million.
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Buyers can
expect prices for commodity multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) to fall by
as much as 5% for the year, although leadtimes will stretch for some
high-capacitance ceramic capacitors. Prices for specialty devices will
remain stable.
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The
high-capacitance/low-voltage market is driven by cell phones, laptop
computers, digital cameras and gaming consoles. To serve those industries,
capacitor manufacturers cram as much capacitance as possible into ever
shrinking packages.
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