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General
- Casting is
one of the oldest manufacturing techniques. In comparison with
the manufacturing of products in a transformation process,
casting offers enormous freedom in terms of shape of the
product.
- In
forging, a block of metal is deformed under impact or pressure
and reformed to the desired shape. It is used to produce large
quantities of identical parts, like in the manufacture of
automobiles, and to improve the mechanical properties of the
metal being forged, for example in aerospace parts or military
equipment
Technology
- In the
mid-1990s, investment casting was used to produce superalloy
components in complex shapes for aircraft and gas turbine
engines. Investment casting is a process for creating near-net
precision metal parts. There were, however, certain limitations
to using this technology.
Market
- The global
market of investment castings is estimated at US $ 6.5 billion
in 2002. The major end use
sectors – automobiles, aerospace, engineering, medical and
general industries have shown a positive
growth thereafter . Globally, primary usage of Investment
casting is in pumps and valves. World demand for industrial
valves is forecast to increase over 5 % per annum through 2009
(including price increases) to US $
66 billion.
- The two
major markets for forgings are automotive and aerospace. In
1991, these two markets accounted for about two-thirds of
forgings made by the hot impression die process (equal to
roughly 75 percent of all forgings). In 1974, these two markets
accounted for less than half the total because of the then
greater size of industrial, off-road vehicles, railroad and
other markets
Applications
- The
components manufactured through Investment casting process is
widely used in Pumps, valves (butterfly valves, solenoid valves,
locomotive turbo charger, automobiles, compressors, defense
products, general
engineering (printing machinery, textile machinery, food
processing machinery, mining equipment,
etc.) and other equipment.
- The range
of products in which the casting and forging products are used
is large and varied. Product groups which are most interesting
for developing country exporters are cast and/or forged products
of iron or steel, products of aluminium, locks and padlocks,
(parts of) gas turbines, cylinders for calendering or other
rolling machines, parts of machinery, parts of transmission and
parts of magnesium.
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