General
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Carrots are members of the parsley family,
characterized by the feathery green leaves. Other members include
parsnips, fennel, dill and celery. The edible root of the carrot
plant can be either orange, purple, maroon, yellow or white. The first
carrots were cultivated in Afghanistan and then brought to the
Mediterranean area more than 2000 years ago. The typical orange carrot
available in all U.S. supermarkets is a descendant of Dutch-bred
carrots, which have been grown in the U.S. since the 1600s.
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When selecting, look for carrots that are uniform
in color from top to bottom and whose skin is smooth and free of
cracks. The carrots may be slightly green at the crown but a dark
coloring at the crown indicates that the carrots are getting old.
Generally the carrots found readily available are long and slender but
there are also varieties that are short and fat.
Process
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The
logistics of production, harvest, transport and ripening dictate that
many fruits must be held prior to juicing. The seasonal harvest window
may be much shorter than the time required processing the entire
annual crop and stabilizing the resulting juice and finished products.
As with the aforementioned steps, careful holding is necessary to
allow optimum ripening to occur or prevent spoilage and
contamination.
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International visitors to modern juice processing facilities are often
in awe of the elegant, sophisticated, costly operations they view,
unaware or forgetting the tremendous investment in human capital
required to arrive at that point.
Technology
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Finding effective techniques to control nematodes
and soil-borne diseases is of the most immediate concern to carrot
growers in California. The availability of fumigants, especially
replacement products for metam sodium and metam potassium is a
critical need for the industry, and an aggressive research program
should help identify new techniques and products to be registered.
Breeding programs should identify new carrot
varieties which are resistant to nematodes and diseases. Disease
monitoring tools, models, and new management techniques are needed for
diseases caused by
Alternaria
and
Pythium.
New products are needed for weed control as well.
Market
The United States produces 8 percent of the world’s
carrots--second behind China and just ahead of Russia. According to
the Census of Agriculture, carrots were produced on 1,865 farms.
Fresh-market carrots account for 72 percent of all U.S. carrot output.
California accounted for 76 percent of the
fresh-market carrot crop, followed by Colorado (6 percent) and
Michigan. USDA production statistics group fresh-cut
products with fresh-market statistics.
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