General
- Candy,
specifically sugar candy, is a confection made from a
concentrated solution of sugar in water, to which a variety of
flavorings and colorants is added.
- Candy is a
type of confectionary which describes a spectrum of sweet goods
and takes on different meanings from one country to the other.
Among several definitions, candy is defined as a highly cooked
coloured and flavoured sugar mass formed into desired shapes.
A more or less solid article of confectionery made by boiling
sugar or molasses to the desired consistency, and than
crystallizing, molding, or working in the required shape. It is
often flavored or colored, and sometimes contains fruit, nuts,
etc.
Manufacturing Process
- Candy is
made by dissolving sugar in water or milk to form a syrup, which
is boiled until it reaches the desired concentration or starts
to caramelize. The type of candy depends on the ingredients and
how long the mixture is boiled. Candy comes in an endless
variety of textures from soft and chewy to hard and brittle.
- Caramel,
toffee, fudge, praline, tablet, gumdrops, jelly beans, rock
candy, lollipops, taffy, cotton candy, candy canes, peppermint
sticks, peanut brittle, chocolate coated raisins or peanuts,
sucking candy and candy bars are just a few examples of the
confections that are sold under the generic name "candy."
- Some
candy, like marshmallows and gummy bears, may contain gelatin
derived from animal bones, and is thus avoided by vegetarians
and vegans. "Kosher gelatin" is also unsuitable for vegetarians
and vegans, as it is derived from fish bones. Other substances,
such as agar agar, pectin, starch and gum arabic may be used as
gelatin replacers, although the texture of final product may
differ from the original. Other ingredients commonly found in
candy that are not vegetarian or vegan friendly include carmine,
which is a dye made from the cochineal, and confectioner's
glaze, which may contain wings or other insect parts.
Report
- Brazil is
the third largest world producer of candies and chewing gums,
with a market of more than 3 billion dollars. This expressive
amount of candy dealt each year involves an even more expressive
volume of wastewater. Dyes are usually added in the formulation
of such products to increase attractiveness, acceptability and
esthetic appearance of the product. Synthetic dyes are usually
cheaper and more stable than natural dyes and are then preferred
by industry in food formulations. Wastewater of candy industries
usually contains high amounts of dyes that are hardly removed by
biological wastewater treatment processes. Heterogeneous
photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process, which may be
used to mineralize food dyes present in candy industry
wastewaters.
- An Indian
government programme has identified candy as the ideal medium
for improving the nutritional intake of up to 14 million school
children. The initiative aims to provide deprived school
children with a lemon-flavoured candy that contains all the
necessary vitamins required for healthy development.
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