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- A biomaterial is any
natural or man-made material employed in, or used as, a medical device
which performs, augments or replaces a natural function within a living
organism.
- Another definition of
biomaterial is "any substance (other than drugs) or combination of
substances synthetic or natural in origin, which can be used for any
period of time, as a whole or as a part of a system which treats,
augments, or replaces any tissue, organ, or function of the body".
- A biomaterial is
different from a biological material such as bone that is produced by a
biological system. Artificial hips, vascular stents, artificial
pacemakers, and catheters are all made from different biomaterials.
- Biomaterials are
medical-grade polymers, metals, advanced ceramics, pyrolytic carbon,
composites, and natural materials. End -use devices include implants,
valves, grafts, pacemakers, bone repair and replacement devices,
artificial organs, dental materials, drug -delivery systems,
dialysis/separation/filtration systems, and catheters and stents.
- The word ceramic is
derived from the Greek word (keramos). The term covers inorganic
non metallic materials which are formed by the action of heat. A
composite material of ceramic and metal is known as cermet. The word
ceramic can be an adjective, and can also be used as a noun to refer
to a ceramic material, or a product of ceramic manufacture. Ceramics
may also be used as a singular noun referring to the art of making
things out of ceramic materials. The technology of manufacturing and
usage of ceramic materials is part of the field of ceramic engineering.
- In chemistry, a metal
is an element that readily loses electrons to form positive ions
(cations) and has metallic bonds between metal atoms. Metals form ionic
bonds with non-metals. They are sometimes described as a lattice of
positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons. The metals
are one of the three groups of elements as distinguished by their
ionization and bonding properties, along with the metalloids and
nonmetals.
- Composite materials
are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials
with significantly different physical or chemical properties and which
remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished
structure.
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