General
- Bioinformatics and
computational biology involve the
use of techniques including applied mathematics, informatics,
statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry and
biochemistry to solve biological problems usually on the molecular
level.
- The terms bioinformatics and
computational biology are
often used interchangeably. However bioinformatics more
properly refers to the creation and advancement of algorithms,
computational and statistical techniques, and theory to solve formal
and practical problems posed by or inspired from the management and
analysis of biological data.
Applications
- Various fields that use Bioinformatics
are Molecular medicine, Personalized medicine, Preventative medicine,
Gene therapy, Drug development, Microbial genome applications, Waste
cleanup, Climate change Studies, Alternative energy sources,
Biotechnology, Antibiotic resistance, Forensic analysis of microbes,
The reality of bioweapon creation, Evolutionary studies, Crop
improvement, Insect resistance, Improve nutritional quality,
Development of Drought resistance varieties, Vetinary Science,
Comparative Studies.
- Bioinformatics is a major requirement
not only to the future of genomics but also to most areas of
biological and biomedical research. Its key challenge is to bridge the
considerable gap between large scale data production and its
interpretation.
Technology
-
DNA
microarray technology has now made it possible to simultaneously
monitor the expression levels of thousands of genes during important
biological processes and across collections of related samples.
Elucidating the patterns hidden in gene expression data offers a
tremendous opportunity for an enhanced understanding of functional
genomics.
-
The
point of having bioinformatics databases available in the first place
is to enable sophisticated analyses of data spanning multiple
databases, which results in new information in the form of annotations
and collected result sets. The proliferation of infrastructure such as
annotation systems, Grid/Web Services-based data processing services
and visualization tools on top of a series of incompatible standards
is stymied by the repeated chore of special-casing for each
database.
Market
and Report
-
Some
companies in India have made forays locally and into the global
market. In June 2004 Strand Genomics from Bangalore licensed its
microarray gene expression analysis software to antibody company
Abgenix in Fremont, California. And Lion Bioscience Research in
Cambridge, Massachusetts, licensed NetPro, a proprietary protein
interaction database of Molecular Connections, in Bangalore, to
conduct drug target identification research exclusively for Bayer,
Leverkusen, Germany. Similarly Ocimum Biosolutions, which has acquired
Microarrays from MWG, Germany called Ocichips and the
entirearray of microarray products, had sales of Rs 7 crore and is now
targeting at reaching Rs 30 crore. It has entered into a
marketing alliance with UBI, Scimax, Science partners to market its
products in the global market.
-
The
Indian Bioinformatics market, which is only 2.5 per cent
of the global market, has the potential to capture 5 per
cent of the global pie, provided necessary actions are
taken by the Centre. In addition to the national demand, there would
be international demand in view of the intrinsic quality
of Indian Bioinformatics professionals and therefore
premium attached to them. The report states that the
demand for Indian Bioinformatics professionals from
rest of the world is expected to rise from 348 in 203-04
to a total of 8169 by 2012-13.
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