General
- Bermuda grass, native to Africa, occurs throughout the world in
tropical to warm temperate climates between 45 degrees north and 45
degrees south latitude. In the United States Bermuda grass is most
common in the subtropical regions from southern California east to the
Gulf Coast and
southeastern states. It is adventives north to Washington, Idaho,
Utah,
Colorado, Iowa, Michigan, New York, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire
.Populations occurring in cool temperate climates may be
winter hardy cultivars
- Hybrid
bermudagrass variety to be available in seeded form. Seed is
produced much like hybrid seed corn, but instead of two inbred
parent lines, two self-incompatible but cross-fertile parent clones
are planted in alternating rows. The specific combining ability of
these two elite parent clones is what makes hybrid bermudagrass the
first seeded bermudagrass that is competitive with the vegetative
hybrid bermudagrass for turf grass quality, leaf texture, color, and
density.
Cultivation
- Bermudagrass
seed is available in common and improved varieties, unhulled or
hulled and coated. Clean, hulled seed germinates and establishes
a stand most quickly and should be used. Certified hulled
bermudagrass seed is pure to type, free of weeds and has high
germination. Bermudagrass is a heavy user of nitrogen, and a
good turf requires regular applications. Phosphates and potash
in most Arizona soils are seldom limiting to bermudagrass
growth, and applications of them seldom give a response.
- Bermudagrass
thrives in hot weather and full sun but performs poorly in
shade. It spreads rapidly and requires frequent mowing for best
appearance. It exhibits excellent drought resistance. Common
(seeded) Bermudagrass is less expensive to establish than hybrid
(sodded) Bermudagrass, but hybrid Bermudagrass has greater
density, better weed resistance and finer texture and color.
Application & Technology
-
Bermudagrass is
the main grass of the tropical and sub-tropical regions. The
usage of this grass extends across lawns, golf courses,
athletic fields, bowling greens, tennis courts, home putting
greens, high traffic areas and landscaping areas of all
kinds. It also has great soil erosion capacity for
roadsides, water banks, ditch banks, and use for low
maintenance area in the full sun.
- The DAF
technique has been used successfully to determine the
phylogenetic relationships among bermu-dagrass species (Assefa
et al., 1999), provide informa-tion on the origin of
off-type bermudagrass cultivars (Caetano-Anolles, 1998b),
and determine the fidelity of bermudagrass
commercially sold as ‘U-3’ (Anderson et al., 2001), a
cultivar originally developed in the early 1930s.
Market
-
Coastal is the most adapted bermudagrass statewide.
Tifton 44 will perform as well in the piedmont and
decisions for use should be based on individual needs
given the characteristics of each cultivar. Of the newer
cultivars, Tifton 78 and Grazer show promise for South
Carolina but more information is needed before
recommendations can be made.
-
Publications on control of bermudagrass from the early
1920s cautioned growers against plowing with ‘European
plowshares’ that fragmented the stolons and rootstocks
of the perennial and dispersed the weed, and advised
them to use implements which clipped the aerial parts
and led to starvation of the weed, such as the
cultivator with duck’s foot cutting shares
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